To investigate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on the nutrition metabolism of sheep (36.72 ± 1.44 kg) in the summer, twenty-one sheep were randomly assigned to three treatments addressing LA supplementation: 0.00 (CTL), 600 (LA–L), and 900 (LA–H) mg/kg of dry matter (DM) per day for each sheep. Whole feces and urine collection methods were used to analyze apparent digestibility; ELISA kits to determine the hormones, antioxidant, and immune parameters in the blood; and serum metabolomics to detect and analyze small molecular substances. The results showed the DM intakes in the LA–L and LA–H groups were significantly increased by 8.22% and 8.02%, respectively, compared to that in the CTL group, and there was no significant effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, nitrogen digestibility, calcium digestibility, and phosphorus digestibility. Regarding hormones, antioxidant, and immune indicators, the concentrations of triiodothyronine, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, HSP70, and IgA significantly increased after LA supplementation, while adrenaline and malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased. With the pairwise comparison of the three groups, metabolomics analysis identified 22 differential metabolites in the positive/negative modes, respectively, which suggested LA supplementation can significantly affect sheep’s lipid, amino acid, and nucleic acid metabolism. Additionally, 3-indolepropionic acid, cinnamoylglycine, butyric acid, dodecanedioic acid, indoxyl sulfate, and pantothenic acid were the common differential metabolites with higher concentrations after LA supplementation. In summary, dietary supplementation of LA can increase the sheep’s DMI, energy digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and immunity. These changes provide evidence to support the use of LA supplementation for livestock.

Effects of dietary supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid on apparent digestibility and serum metabolome alterations of sheep in summer.

α-lipoic acid (α-LA) was usually applied to improve the ability of removing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) of host. The affection of α-LA on ruminants were mainly focus on the variation of serum antioxidant and immune indexes, but the research on tissues or organs remained limited. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of α-LA on growth performance, antioxidant status and immune indexes of serum and tissues in sheep. One hundred Duhu F1 hybrid (Dupo♀ × Hu sheep♂ sheep aged 2-3 months with similar body weight (27.49 ± 2.10 kg) were randomly allocated into 5 groups. Five diets supplemented with 0 (CTL), 300 (LA300), 450 (LA450), 600 (LA600), and 750 (LA750) mg/kg α-LA were fed to sheep for 60 days. The results showed that α-LA supplementation significantly increased the average daily feed intake (P < 0.05), however no significant variation was found in the average daily gain, feed conversion rate, carcass weight and slaughter rate among groups (P > 0.05). Compared with CTL group, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in serum of LA600 and LA750 groups were increased (P < 0.05). At LA450-LA750 groups, SOD, CAT activities in liver and ileum tissues and GSH-Px activities in ileum tissues were increased than CTL group (P < 0.05), while MDA contents in serum and muscle tissue were decreased than CTL group (P < 0.05). The T-AOC contents in liver, muscle and ileum tissues of LA600 group were increased compared with CTL group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the IL-10 contents of serum in LA450-LA750 groups were increased than CTL group (P < 0.05), the contents of IL-1β in serum, IL-2 in liver, and IL-6, IL-1β in muscle were decreased than CTL group (P < 0.05). The content of IgA in serum of LA600 group, ileum and muscle of LA750 group were increased than CTL group (P < 0.05). Based on the quadratic regression analysis of GSH-Px, MDA, IL-2, IL-10, IL-1β, the optimal dietary α-LA levels were estimated to be 495.75, 571.43, 679.03, 749.75, 678.25 mg/kg, respectively. This research will provide certain contribution for the effective utilization of α-LA in sheep production.

Effects of α-lipoic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function in sheep.

Abstract This study was carried out to report prevalence of Babesia ( B. ) bigemina and Theileria ( T. ) annulata in cattle and water-buffalo (WB) from southern sandy zone (SSZ), central plain zone (CPZ), and northern arid zone (NAZ) of Pakistan in relation with breed, sex, age, housing system, season and feed. Towards this end, 6,510 blood samples (n = 2,170/each zone) were collected from suspected cattle and WB and were subjected to Giemsa staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Logistic regression and odds ratios were applied for data analysis. Babesiosis and theileriosis was found highest (P &lt; 0.05) in SSZ followed in order by NAZ and CPZ. Prevalence of theileriosis was observed higher than babesiosis and more common in cattle than WB. Prevalence of Babesiosis and theileriosis in cattle in Holstein Friesian (HF) breed, young age (&gt; 16 months), tethered housing system, during summer season and in non-supplemented fed of cattle was found significant (P &lt; 0.05). Prevalence of Babesia and Theileria in WB in Kundi breed, young age, tethered housing system, during summer season was found significant (P &lt; 0.05). Odds ratio analysis showed all the determinants positively associated (OR &gt; 1.00). The present studies provide evidence on endimicity of babesiosis and theirleriosis in the study area and naturally resilience of WB. 

Climatic Regions Based Molecular Prevalence of Babesiosis and Theileriosis in Cattle and Water- Buffalo in Pakistan

Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation on the metabolic status of dairy goats and respective goat kids in the peripartum period

The redox status shortly after the vaccination of pregnant ewes is rather unexploited. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the fluctuation of redox status after the administration of the annual booster dose of a polyvalent clostridial vaccine in pregnant ewes, 3 to 4 weeks before lambing, with or without a simultaneous injection of Vit E/Se. In total, 24 pregnant Lacaune ewes 3–4 weeks before lambing were randomly allocated into four equal groups: the V (vaccinated with a polyvalent clostridial vaccine), VE (vaccinated and injected IM with Vit E/Se), E (injected IM with Vit E and Se), and C (neither vaccinated nor injected with Vit E/Se). The study period lasted for 21 days, starting on the day of administration. Four redox biomarkers, the antioxidant capacity (TAC), the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the reduced glutathione (GSH), and the catalase (CAT) were evaluated in blood samples collected from all ewes before the injections (0 h) and then at 12 (12 h), 24 (D1), and 48 h (D2), and thereafter on days 4 (D4), 6 (D6), 10 (D10), 14 (D14), and 21 (D21). The results reveal that the TAC was the only biomarker evaluated that was significantly affected by group and significantly lower in vaccinated animals (V and VE groups) compared to non-vaccinated (E and C groups). The absence of an increase in the TBARS values after vaccination in groups V and VE indicates the absence of significant oxidative stress. Overall, it can be assumed that annual booster immunizations against clostridial diseases do not impose acute oxidative stress on pregnant ewes in the last month of pregnancy.

/pdf/redox-status-of-pregnant-ewes-after-vaccination-against-3soywbha.pdf

Redox Status of Pregnant Ewes after Vaccination against Clostridial Diseases

Caprine anaplasmosis is an economically important tick-borne rickettsial disease that affects goats all over the world. Microscopic examination of stained blood smears from 162 animals revealed inclusion bodies of Anaplasma spp. in 24 cases. Genus specific PCR for Anaplasma spp. yielded positive results in 22 cases. All the diseased animals showed a significant fall in the mean values of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase and a significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation. Out of the 22 animals positive for anaplasmosis both in blood smear and PCR, 16 female non pregnant goats selected for study were divided into two groups consisting of eight animals each. Animals belonging to groups I and II were treated with oxytetracycline dihydrate. In addition, animals of group II were supplemented with vitamin E-selenium combination. Oxidative stress parameters were rechecked on the 10th day of treatment. At the end of the study period, a significant reduction in malondialdehyde level and a significant increase in mean value of superoxide dismutase were detected in group II. While there was a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase values within both the groups after treatment, reduced glutathione showed no significant difference within the group.

Evaluation of oxidative stress in caprine anaplasmosis and effect of vitamin E–selenium in monitoring oxidative stress

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Evaluation of oxidative stress in caprine anaplasmosis and effect of vitamin E–selenium in monitoring oxidative stress