Characterization and treatment of landfill leachate: A review.

Monitoring dissolved organic matter in wastewater and drinking water treatments using spectroscopic analysis and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry.

Cloud droplets contain dynamic and complex pools of highly heterogeneous organic matter, resulting from the dissolution of both water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosol particles and gas-phase soluble species, and are constantly impacted by chemical, photochemical, and biological transformations Cloud samples from two summer events, characterized by different air masses and physicochemical properties, were collected at the Puy de Dome station in France, concentrated on a strata-X solid-phase extraction cartridge and directly infused using electrospray ionization in the negative mode coupled with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry A significantly higher number (n = 5258) of monoisotopic molecular formulas, assigned to CHO, CHNO, CHSO, and CHNSO, were identified in the cloud sample whose air mass had passed over the highly urbanized Paris region (J1) compared to the cloud sample whose air mass had passed over remote areas (n = 2896; J2) Van Krevelen diagrams revealed that lignins/CRAM-like, aliphatics/proteins-like, and lipids-like compounds were the most abundant classes in both samples Comparison of our results with previously published data sets on atmospheric aqueous media indicated that the average O/C ratios reported in this work (037) are similar to those reported for fog water and for biogenic aerosols but are lower than the values measured for aerosols sampled in the atmosphere and for aerosols produced artificially in environmental chambers

Molecular Characterization of Cloud Water Samples Collected at the Puy de Dôme (France) by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

Electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been widely used for molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, ESI FT-ICR MS generally has poor repeatability and reproducibility because of its inherent ionization mechanism and structural characteristics, which severely hindered its application in quantitative analysis of complex mixtures. In this article, we developed an in-house standard method for molecular characterization of DOM by ESI FT-ICR MS. Instead of obtaining reproducible results by determining the instrument parameters, we adopted an approach of object control on the mass spectrum to solve the problem of poor reproducibility. The mass peak shape, resolution, and relative intensity distribution of a natural organic matter standard were adjusted by optimizing the operating conditions to obtain a repeatable result. The quality control sample was run 26 times by the different operators in a 6-month-long period to evaluate the reproducibility. Results showed that the relative standard deviation (%) of repeatability and reproducibility are 1.02 and 2.35 for average H/C, respectively. The in-house standard method has been validated and successfully used for the characterization of more than 4000 DOM samples, which is transferable to other laboratories.

In-House Standard Method for Molecular Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter by FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry.

Transformation of dissolved organic matter during full-scale treatment of integrated chemical wastewater: Molecular composition correlated with spectral indexes and acute toxicity.

Landfill leachate concentrate is a type of refractory organic wastewater with high environmental risk. Identification of refractory components and insights into the molecular transformations of the organics are essential for the development of efficient treatment process. In this report, molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in leachate concentrate, as well as changes after anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation and coagulation with salts, were characterized using electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). DOM in leachate concentrate were more saturated and less oxidized with more nitrogen and sulfur-containing substances (accounting for 50.0%), comparing with natural organic matter in Suwannee River. Selectivity for different classes of organics during biodegradation and coagulation processes was observed. Substances with low oxidation degree (O/C < 0.3) were more reactive during biodegradation process, leading to the f...

Molecular Insights into the Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Landfill Leachate Concentrate during Biodegradation and Coagulation Processes Using ESI FT-ICR MS.

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Molecular Insights into the Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Landfill Leachate Concentrate during Biodegradation and Coagulation Processes Using ESI FT-ICR MS.