Alloying noble metals with non-noble metals enables high activity while reducing the cost of electrocatalysts in fuel cells. However, under fuel cell operating conditions, state-of-the-art oxygen reduction reaction alloy catalysts either feature high atomic percentages of noble metals (>70%) with limited durability or show poor durability when lower percentages of noble metals (<50%) are used. Here, we demonstrate a highly-durable alloy catalyst derived by alloying PtPd (<50%) with 3d-transition metals (Cu, Ni or Co) in ternary compositions. The origin of the high durability is probed by in-situ/operando high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function analysis of atomic phase structures and strains, revealing an important role of realloying in the compressively-strained single-phase alloy state despite the occurrence of dealloying. The implication of the finding, a striking departure from previous perceptions of phase-segregated noble metal skin or complete dealloying of non-noble metals, is the fulfilling of the promise of alloy catalysts for mass commercialization of fuel cells.

/pdf/alloying-realloying-enabled-high-durability-for-pt-pd-3d-2chj9vkq7y.pdf

Alloying-realloying enabled high durability for Pt-Pd-3d-transition metal nanoparticle fuel cell catalysts.

The room temperature studies of polycrystalline iron exposed to air at various temperatures were performed using: the transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy (TMS), the conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The unique combination of these techniques allows to determine changes of chemical composition and content of iron oxides simultaneously on the surface region, the 300 nm pre-surface region and the bulk of the samples. The results show that the chemical composition of samples changes significantly and it is strongly dependent on temperature at which the iron sample is exposed to air as well as on investigated region.

An investigation of the corrosion of polycrystalline iron by XPS, TMS and CEMS

The initial wet oxidation process on Fe-Cr alloy surface: Insights from ReaxFF molecular dynamic simulations

Influence mechanism of boron segregation on the microstructure evolution and hot ductility of super austenitic stainless steel S32654

Effect of boron on the hydrogen-induced grain boundary embrittlement in α-Fe

Effects of alloying on the behavior of B and S at Sigma 5 (210) grain boundary in gamma-Fe

Effects of alloying elements in popular steels on the oxidation and dissolution corrosion of the surface of γ-Fe(111) have been investigated by performing density functional theory calculations within the local density approximation. First, the segregation of alloying atoms as well as preferential adsorption sites for oxygen and water were carefully examined, and it was found that all of the alloying elements considered had a tendency to segregate to the surface, and that the most preferred adsorption sites were the hexagonal closed packed (hcp) site and the top site for oxygen and water, respectively. The adsorption energies that characterized the tendency for oxygen or water to be adsorbed on the alloy surface showed that all ten alloying elements (especially Cr, Si, and Cu) were able to inhibit the adsorption of oxygen, and that all of the alloying elements except for Nb, Mo, and Ti inhibited water adsorption. The electrode potentials, which indicate the electrochemical stabilities of the surfaces of the alloys, suggested that all of these alloying elements (especially Cr, Mo, and Si) were able to suppress the adsorption of oxygen and water on the investigated surfaces, except for Nb and Ti in the case of water adsorption. Density of states analysis further indicated that all ten alloying elements (especially Cr, Si, Mo, and Cu) enhanced the corrosion resistance of the fcc Fe substrate, except for Nb and Ti with respect to dissolution corrosion.

Effects of alloying on oxidation and dissolution corrosion of the surface of γ-Fe(111): a DFT study.

The invention relates to a method for quickly extracting composite educt from heat-resisting austenitic stainless steel at a normal temperature Aiming at the problems of high difficulty and low speed of extraction of educt from the heat-resisting austenitic stainless steel, electrolytic extraction is quickly performed in hydrochloric acid electrolyte at the normal temperature under the stirring action of a magnetic field The technology of the extraction method is advanced, data are accurate and complete, the extraction is quickly performed at the normal temperature of 25 DEG C under the action of the magnetic field, compared with the prior art, the extraction speed by the method disclosed by the invention can be increased by 90%, extracted substances are CrNbN, Cr23C6 and NbN powder bodies, and the method for quickly extracting the composite educt from the heat-resisting austenitic stainless steel is quite ideal

Method for quickly extracting composite educt from heat-resisting austenitic stainless steel at normal temperature

Using density-functional calculations, we studied the interaction between interstitial impurities (N, C) and γ-Fe(111) surfaces doped, or not, with Cr, as well as the effect of Cr doping on the dissolution corrosion resistance of the γ-Fe(111) surface. The elementary processes studied afforded microscopic insights into the formation of a Cr-depleted zone, a phenomenon that leads to local corrosion of the stainless steel surface. The aim of this work was to study, at the atomic scale, the effects of N and C on the segregation behavior of Cr and the synergetic effect between co-doped atoms on the resistance to dissolution corrosion of austenitic stainless steel surfaces. The results showed that interstitial impurities prefer to be trapped at near-surface sites, which can impact the segregation behavior of Cr such that it shifts from the surface to the subsurface. Electrode potential calculations and density of states analysis demonstrated that doping with Cr or inserting interstitial impurities into the solid solution can improve the surface corrosion resistance of an fcc Fe substrate, but detrimental effects on the surface corrosion resistance are induced by interactions between Cr and interstitial impurity atoms in co-doped surfaces. The formation of near-surface Cr carbides and nitrides (speculated to be Cr2N and Cr23C6 due to the results obtained for particular co-doped surfaces) was also noted. The results of our theoretical calculations explain some of the experimental results observed at the atomic scale.

DFT study of the effects of interstitial impurities on the resistance of Cr-doped γ-Fe(111) surface dissolution corrosion

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Papers

Effects of alloying on the behavior of B and S at Sigma 5 (210) grain boundary in gamma-Fe

Effects of alloying on oxidation and dissolution corrosion of the surface of γ-Fe(111): a DFT study.

Method for quickly extracting composite educt from heat-resisting austenitic stainless steel at normal temperature

DFT study of the effects of interstitial impurities on the resistance of Cr-doped γ-Fe(111) surface dissolution corrosion