Carl Sagan

TL;DR: Solar evolution implies, for contemporary albedos and atmospheric composition, global mean temperatures below the freezing point of seawater less than 2.3 aeons ago, contrary to geologic and paleontological evidence, but ammonia mixing ratios of the order of a few parts per million in the middle Precambrian atmosphere resolve this and other problems.

TL;DR: As Voyager 1 flew through the Saturn system it returned photographs revealing many new and surprising characteristics of this complicated community of bodies, including small inner satellites that interact gravitationally with one another and with the ring particles in ways not observed elsewhere in the solar system.

TL;DR: The book as discussed by the authors debunks the ideas of alien abduction, mediums and faith healers, and refutes the arguement that science destroys spirituality, and demonstrates how scientific thinking is necessary to safeguard our democratic institutions and our technical civilization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index of thin films of the dark reddish organic solids called tholins, produced by continuous D.C. discharge through a 0.9 N2/0.1 CH4 gas mixture at 0.2 mb, were determined from a combination of transmittance, specular reflectance, interferometric, Brewster angle, and ellipsometric polarization measurements.