The method to cool a high heat flux device is an important research direction for the heat exchanger design. Micro-channels are an effective heat exchange structure both for single-phase and two-phase flow. In this paper, the heat transfer correlations of single-phase, two-phase and nanofluid in a micro-channel are discussed and analyzed. The correlations of pressure drop for single-phase and two-phase fluids are also presented. Excluding the different working fluids used in the micro-channel, the diameter and aspect ratio, shape and structure, surface roughness, internal and external factor and layout of micro-channel pipe are considered to analyze their influence on the heat transfer performance and pressure drop. Micro-channel technology applications include industry, air-conditioning, solar energy systems, heat pipe technology and computer data center cooling. Compared to the conventional heat exchangers used in these fields, a micro-channel heat sink showed a much better heat transfer coefficient and low volume, indicating that it is a good choice and has huge potential for cooling application. Finally, existing problems and future scopes are described, and drawing up design standard, experimental and simulated methods for evaluating its performance are the urgent actions which need to be carried out. This review paper serves as guidance for researchers to design and predict the performance of micro-channel heat sinks.

Micro-Channel Heat Sink: A Review

Experimental investigations of atmospheric water extraction device under different climatic conditions

Deep-sea sediment is extremely important in marine scientific research, such as that concerning marine geology and microbial communities. The research findings are closely related to the in-situ information of the sediment. One prerequisite for investigations of deep-sea sediment is providing sampling techniques capable of preventing distortion during recovery. As the fruit of such sampling techniques, samplers designed for obtaining sediment have become indispensable equipment, owing to their low cost, light weight, compactness, easy operation, and high adaptability to sea conditions. This paper introduces the research and application of typical deep-sea sediment samplers. Then, a representative sampler recently developed in China is analyzed. On this basis, a review and analysis is conducted regarding the key techniques of various deep-sea sediment samplers, including sealing, pressure and temperature retaining, low-disturbance sampling, and no-pressure drop transfer. Then, the shortcomings in the key techniques for deep-sea sediment sampling are identified. Finally, prospects for the future development of key techniques for deep-sea sediment sampling are proposed, from the perspectives of structural diversification, functional integration, intelligent operation, and high-fidelity samples. This paper summarizes the existing samplers in the context of the key techniques mentioned above, and can provide reference for the optimized design of samplers and development of key sampling techniques.

/pdf/review-and-analysis-of-key-techniques-in-marine-sediment-409dejmb2v.pdf

Review and Analysis of Key Techniques in Marine Sediment Sampling

Solar Energy is a renewable energy source which provides thermal energy without any cost. Solar energy harnessed in the form of thermal energy or electrical energy. Researchers have now focused on ...

A detailed review on solar parabolic trough collector

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, the performance of starting up and heat transfer of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels (POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying filling ratio, inclination, working fluids and heating power. The performance of the tested pulsating heat pipe was mainly evaluated by thermal resistance and wall temperature. Heating copper block and cold water bath were adopted in the experimental investigations. It was found that oscillating heat pipe with filling ratio of 50% started up earlier than that with 70% when heating input was 159.4 W, however, it has similar starting up performance with filling ratio of 50% as compared to 70% on the condition of heat input of 205.4 W. And heat pipe with filling ratio of 10% could not start up but directly transit to dry burning. A reasonable filling ratio range of 35%‒70% was needed in order to achieve better performance, and there are different optimal filling ratios with different heating inputs - the more heating input, the higher optimal filling ratio, and vice versa. However, the dry burning appeared easily with low filling ratio, especially at very low filling ratio, such as 10%. And higher filling ratio, such as 70%, resulted in higher heat transfer ( dry burning ) limit. With filling ratio of 70% and inclination of 75°, oscillating heat pipe with acetone started up with heating input of just 24W, but for ethanol, it needed to be achieved 68 W, Furthermore, the start time with acetone was similar as compared to that with ethanol. For steady operating state, the heating input with acetone was about 80 W, but it transited to dry burning state when heating input was greater than 160 W. However, for ethanol, the heating input was in vicinity of 160 W. Furthermore, thermal resistance with acetone was lower than that with ethanol at the same heating input of 120 W.

Influence of filling ratio and working fluid thermal properties on starting up and heat transferring performance of closed loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Applied Thermal Engineering