The 23 French Regional Pneumococcal Observatories (ORPs) analyzed antibiotic resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from invasive infections in France over a 12-year period.Between 2009 and 2021, the ORPs analyzed 19,319 strains, including 1,965 in children and 17,354 in adults. Strains were assessed for their resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin and cefotaxime. Serotypes were identified in collaboration with the National Reference Centre.During this period, the number of strains collected yearly decreased significantly. The decrease was particularly pronounced up until 2013, especially in children (-61.0%). However, penicillin non-susceptible strains (PNSPs) increased in children (24.7% in 2009 vs 45.0% in 2021, p < 0.0001) and in adults (27.1% in 2009 vs 31.3% in 2021, p < 0.05), as well as resistance (I + R) to amoxicillin (children: 12.5% in 2009 vs 19.4% in 2021, p < 0.05; adults: 13.4% in 2009 vs 14.5% in 2021, NS) and resistance (I + R) to cefotaxime (children: 8.0% in 2009 vs 13.1% in 2021, p < 0.05; adults: 7.1% in 2009 vs 11.9% in 2021, p < 0.0001). All in all, the proportion of strains belonging to serotypes present in the PCV13 vaccine has fallen sharply, from 64.8% in 2009 to 23.6 % in 2021. At the same time, serotypes such as 8, 10A, 11A, 15B/C and 9N, not included in PCV13, were increasing.During the study period, data collected by the network highlighted an increase of invasive PNSPs in children and non-vaccine serotypes. Surveillance of resistance and serotypes remains instrumental, particularly to monitor the evolution of vaccine efficacy. 

Invasive pneumococcal infections in France: changes from 2009 to 2021 in antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae based on data from the French Regional Pneumococcal Observatories network.

Prognosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae endocarditis in France, a multicenter observational study (2000-2015).

Genetic diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Tunisia.

Resume Contexte La surveillance de l’evolution de la resistance aux antibiotiques et des serotypes des souches de Streptococcus pneumoniae en France repose sur un reseau alliant les observatoires du pneumocoque, le Centre national de reference du pneumocoque et l’Institut de veille sanitaire. Methodes Entre 2009 et 2013, les 23 observatoires regionaux du pneumocoque (ORP) ont recueilli et analyse 13 033 souches de pneumocoque dont 2953 isolees chez l’enfant et 10 080 chez l’adulte. Resultats Durant cette periode, le nombre de souches isolees a fortement diminue, avec une baisse de 42,1 %. La diminution a ete particulierement importante chez les enfants, a la fois pour les infections invasives (–59,7 %) et pour les pus d’otite moyenne aigue (–74,4 %). Chez les adultes, le nombre de souches isolees d’infections invasives a baisse de 31,0 %. Conjointement, il est a noter une baisse des souches de sensibilite diminuee a la penicilline G (34,2 % en 2009 vs 25,7 % en 2013), ainsi qu’une baisse de la resistance a l’amoxicilline (17,9 % en 2009 vs 11,6 % en 2013) et au cefotaxime (9,7 % en 2009 vs 6,0 % en 2013). Enfin, en 2009, la prevalence des souches appartenant aux serotypes presents dans le vaccin anti-pneumococcique PCV13 etait de 64,2 % et en 2013, de 35,6 %. En parallele, les serotypes 12F, 22F, 24F, 15A, 10A et 23B, non inclus dans le vaccin PCV13, etaient en augmentation. Conclusion La surveillance de la resistance et des serotypes reste primordiale car les infections a S. pneumoniae representent, de part leur frequence et leur gravite, un enjeu majeur de sante publique.

Observatoires régionaux du pneumocoque : évolution de la résistance aux antibiotiques et des sérotypes de Streptococcus pneumoniae isolés en France entre 2009 et 2013

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Observatoires régionaux du pneumocoque : évolution de la résistance aux antibiotiques et des sérotypes de Streptococcus pneumoniae isolés en France entre 2009 et 2013