We present an empirical analysis of HCI for development (HCI4D), a growing research area aimed at understanding and designing technologies for under-served, under-resourced, and under-represented populations around the world. We first present findings from our survey of 259 HCI4D publications from the past six years and summarize how this research has evolved, with an overview of the geographies it covers, technologies it targets, and its varied epistemological and methodological underpinnings. We then discuss qualitative findings from interviews we conducted with 11 experienced HCI4D researchers, reflecting on the ground covered so far Including computing and research trends, community-building efforts, and thoughts about 'development' - as well as challenges that lie ahead and suggestions for future growth and diversification. We conclude by summarizing the contributions our paper makes to HCI researchers inside the HCI4D community as well as those outside of it, with the goal of enriching discussions on how HCI can further benefit populations around the world.

The Ins and Outs of HCI for Development

Agricultural extension in the Global South can benefit greatly from the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT). Yet, despite two decades of promising experiences, this poten...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14735903.2020.1738754

Tapping the full potential of the digital revolution for agricultural extension: an emerging innovation agenda

Mobile health data collection at primary health care in Ethiopia: A feasible challenge

Ensuring that patients adhere to prescribed medication remains an important challenge in global health. While technology has been utilized to monitor and improve adherence, solutions to date have been too costly for large-scale deployment in developing regions. This paper describes 99DOTS, a low-cost approach for tracking adherence using a combination of paper packaging and low-end mobile phones. Every day, patients reveal an unpredictable phone number behind the pills and send a free call to that number to indicate that drugs were dispensed and taken. Within five years of its inception, 99DOTS has become a standard of care for tuberculosis in India and has enrolled over 200,000 patients. We provide a holistic account of the project's evolution, including its iterative design, scaled implementation, and lessons learned along the way. We hope this account will serve as a useful case study for anyone seeking to establish and scale new low-cost technologies for a global audience.

https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3287098.3287102

99DOTS: a low-cost approach to monitoring and improving medication adherence

Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) have been shown to have a positive impact on health outcomes of the households they visit, particularly in maternal and neonatal health. As the first line of the public health system in many countries, they are a critical link to the broader public health infrastructure for community members. Yet they do this all with minimal training and limited support infrastructure. To a pregnant woman, an ASHA is a trusted ally in navigating the health system---information gathered is returned by appropriate advice and counseling. To the health system, the ASHA is a key channel of valuable householdlevel information for the public health system, yet she generally receives minimal guidance in return. In this paper we present ASTA---the ASHA Self-Tracking Application---a system that provides ASHAs with timely, on-demand information regarding their own performance compared to their peers. Using ASTA, ASHAs access comparative performance data through both a web-based and voice-based interface on demand. We evaluated ASTA through a 12-month deployment with 142 ASHAs in Uttar Pradesh, India, assessing the impact of providing feedback on ASHA performance. We find that ASHAs with access to the ASTA system made significantly more client visits, with average monthly visits 21.5% higher than ASHAs who had access to a control system. In addition, higher ASHA performance was correlated with increased usage of ASTA. However, the performance improvement was front-loaded, with the impact of the system decreasing toward the end of the study period. Taken together, our findings provide promising evidence that studying and incorporating tools like ASTA could be cost effective and impactful for ASHA programs.

https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2909609.2909652

Closing the Feedback Loop: A 12-month Evaluation of ASTA, a Self-Tracking Application for ASHAs

Evaluating the accuracy of data collection on mobile phones: A study of forms, SMS, and voice

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Evaluating the accuracy of data collection on mobile phones: A study of forms, SMS, and voice