Over the last decade, students of the welfare state have produced an impressive body of research on retrenchment, the dominant thrust of which is that remarkably few welfare states have experienced fundamental shifts. This article questions this now-conventional wisdom by reconsidering the post-1970s trajectory of the American welfare state, long considered the quintessential case of social policy stability. I demonstrate that although most programs have indeed resisted retrenchment, U.S. social policy has also offered increasingly incomplete risk protection in an era of dramatic social change. Although some of this disjuncture is inadvertent—an unintended consequence of the very political stickiness that has stymied retrenchment—I argue that the declining scope of risk protection also reflects deliberate and theoretically explicable strategies of reform adopted by welfare state opponents in the face of popular and change-resistant policies, a finding that has significant implications for the study of institutional change more broadly.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/9EE821F912D000130BC9C6094C4B2686/S0003055404001121a.pdf/div-class-title-privatizing-risk-without-privatizing-the-welfare-state-the-hidden-politics-of-social-policy-retrenchment-in-the-united-states-div.pdf

Privatizing Risk without Privatizing the Welfare State: The Hidden Politics of Social Policy Retrenchment in the United States

Race and Health Outcomes: Historical Perspectives and Implications for Aphasia Outcomes • 2000 – Congress passed the Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act of 2000 (Public Law 106‐525) • Authorized the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) landmark study “Unequal Treatment” documenting longstanding disparities in healthcare across a variety of settings and health conditions. • The report also noted that racial minorities were far less likely to receive routine medical procedures, were more likely to experience lower quality healthcare services, but more likely to receive lower limb amputations and other less desirable treatment options for diabetes and other conditions.

Unequal Treatment—Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare

Evidence is accumulating that nurses completing pre-licensure programs are not equipped with the essential knowledge and skills for today’s nursing practice, nor prepared to continue learning for tomorrow’s nursing. Citing the need to improve quality and increase capacity, this paper offers three recommendations for transforming nursing education: (1) Create new nursing education systems which use existing resources in community colleges and universities and which provide for common prerequisites and a shared competency-based nursing curriculum and instructional materials. (2) Convene one or more expert panels to develop model pre-licensure curricula which: (a) can be used as a framework by faculty in community college-university partnerships for development of their local curriculum; (b) are based on emerging health care needs and widely accepted nursing competencies as interpreted for new care delivery models; (c) incorporate best practices in teaching and learning. (3) Invest in a national initiative to develop and evaluate new approaches to pre-licensure clinical education, including a required post-graduate residency under a restricted license. The author notes that these changes will require significant investment in the reforms, as well as in nursing education research and faculty development. The return on investment would be improved educational capacity and a better prepared nursing workforce, responsive to emerging health care needs and rapidly changing health care delivery systems. TRANSFORMING PRE-LICENSURE NURSING EDUCATION: PREPARING THE NEW NURSE TO MEET EMERGING HEALTH CARE NEEDS The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching joins a chorus of calls for transformation of pre-licensure nursing education (Benner et al., 2009b). Citing the shift of significant responsibility to nurses for managing complex medical regimens, as well as increasing complexity of community based practices, Benner and colleagues concluded that nurses entering the field are not equipped with the essential knowledge and skills for today’s practice nor prepared to continue learning for tomorrow’s nursing (p. 31). They found (1) weak curricula in natural sciences, technology, social sciences and humanities, and in developing cultural competency; (2) weak classroom instruction and limited integration between classroom and clinical experiences; (3) limited strategies in helping The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health Key Messages and Report Recommendations

This article presents a review and analysis of empirically based research on strategic management in nonprofit organizations reported in major journals from 1977 to the present. Although much work has been done on strategy formulation, types of strategies pursued, and implementation in nonprofits, significant gaps exist in our knowledge. Few explicit connections have been made among research studies, contributing to fragmentation of the field. Crucial relationships among strategy components are missing, and links between these components and organizational performance have yet to be made. The article analyzes what is known about strategic management in nonprofits and identifies questions for future research.

RESEARCH ON STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Synthesis, Analysis, and Future Directions

Nurses' ethical reasoning and behaviour: A literature review

Bruce Jansson's text takes the social welfare policy course beyond just presenting welfare policy descriptions by teaching students what to do with policy and by giving them a toolbox of strategies for conducting policy-practice. This hands-on policy-practice framework helps social work students to develop specific skills they can use to actually change policy--this groundbreaking text prepares students to become effective policy practitioners.

Becoming an Effective Policy Advocate: From Policy Practice to Social Justice

Written in clear, lively prose and supported by Jannson's impeccable research, this highly respected book analyzes the evolution of the American welfare state from colonial times to present--not only covering three centuries of historical developments, but contemporary policies in the first years of the 21st century--and it places social policy in its political, cultural, and societal context. Using social policy history as a catalyst, Jansson invites students to think critically about issues, developments, and policies in prior eras and in contemporary society, and he inspires students to develop their own "policy identity." This book uniquely links social welfare policy to an empowerment perspective, showing how African Americans, Latinos, women, gays and lesbians, Asian Americans, Native Americans, the elderly, poor people, and other vulnerable populations, as well as social reformers, have achieved progressive reforms through policy advocacy. By making these powerful connections among historical events, current social welfare policy, and the profession of social work, Jannson illustrates how a deep understanding of the past can inform our present and future actions.

The Reluctant Welfare State: American Social Welfare Policies: Past, Present, and Future

1 The Symbiotic and Uneasy Relationship: Clients, Social Workers, and the Welfare State 2 Making the American Welfare State More Humane-Past, Present, and Future 3 Fashioning a New Society in the Wilderness 4 Social Welfare Policy in the 19th Century: 1789-1902 5 Social Reform in the Progressive Era 6 Social Policy to Address the Worst Economic Catastrophe in US History 7 The Era of Federal Social Services: The New Frontier and the Great Society 8 The Paradoxical Era: 1968-1980 9 The Conservative Counterrevolution in the Era of Reagan and Bush, Sr 10 Reluctance Illustrated: Policy Uncertainty During the Clinton Administration 11 George W Bush's Quest for Realignment 12 Would President Barack Obama Reverse the Cycle of History? 13 Why Has the American Welfare State Been Reluctant-And What Can We Do about It? 14 Using Knowledge of the Evolution of the American Welfare State to Improve Your Professional Practice

The Reluctant Welfare State: Engaging History to Advance Social Work Practice in Contemporary Society

The Divided Welfare State: The Battle over Public and Private Social Benefits in the United States. By Jacob S. Hacker. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. xvi, 447 pp. Cloth, $55.00, isbn 0-521-81288-7. Paper, $23.00, isbn 0-521-01328-3.)

Part One: An introduction to the practice of social welfare policy. Why study social welfare policy, as well as the practice of policy anyway? Part Two: Analytic skills in policy practice. Analytic skills in policy practice: defining, measuring and conceptualizing social problems. Policy analysis: recurring policy options in the human services. Thinking analytically: from social and policy problems to policy proposals. Part Three: "Non-rational" components of policy practice: political, interactional and value-clarification skills. Political skills in policy research: power and assertiveness. Developing political strategy. Interpersonal and process skills in policy practice. Value clarification and moral reasoning. An extended policy practice case: the evolution of the child development act. Part Four: Social welfare policy in action: a framework and six policy practice roles. The policy practitioner in action. Social welfare policy in action. Part Five: Social welfare policy in the post-enactment phases of implementation and assessment. Implementing policies. From assessment to leadership: policy practice at the cutting edge of professional work.

Social welfare policy: From theory to practice

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