A method and apparatus is provided in which the use or provision of a resource or service can be optimised based on data indicative of the benefits of using or providing the resource or service at one or more future times. The service could be the provision of electricity to an appliance or device. A retailer or distributor of the electricity could transmit future prices of the electricity based on the expected supply and demand for the electricity. An apparatus could receive the future prices and set a timing of an appliance or device to use or provide the electricity in order to optimise the cost of the use or provision of electricity. Other resources and services are also applicable, such as road network usage, telecoms or gas provision or usage. The usage or provision of the resource or service by the appliance or device can be metered and the amount of resource or service used or provided can be billed using the given indication of a benefit at particular future times, e.g. using the given future prices.

Optimisation of use or provision of a resource or service

The disclosed embodiments relate to mechanisms to rapidly detect and respond to situations where a market is not operating in a fair and balanced manner or otherwise where the market value is not reflective of a true consensus of the value of the traded products among the market participants. In particular, the disclosed embodiments continually scan for, rapidly detect and respond to extreme changes, either up ("spike") or down ("dip") in the market, such as a "flash crash", where a precipitous market move occurs. Generally, the disclosed embodiments determine when a market for a particular product moves too quickly in too short of period of time, e.g. the velocity of the market exceeds a defined threshold limit.

Detection and mitigation of effects of high velocity price changes

A method of controlling a network system is provided. The method of controlling a network system includes recognizing power information comprising a peak time period and an operation time period of an energy consumption component and changing the operation time period when the peak time period is included in at least portion of the operation time period of the energy consumption component.

Method of controlling network system

Financial instruments to protect the value of residential homes are described. A method for generation of publicly traded notes backed by ownership of single family homes to allow financial markets to provide instruments for investors and home owners to profit from price changes in the value of single family homes. A fraction of the title to the land and dwelling of many single family homes are bundled, separately from that of the traditional mortgages, creating the equivalent of mortgage-backed-securities such as Ginnie Maes, which are marketed to public investors. These securities, herein referred to as home asset value enhancement notes (HAVENs), can be used by individual homeowners as a hedge against any declines in value of their individual homes. They can also be purchased by the general public as a direct investment in the aggregate value of residential real estate. Analogous to exchange traded funds (ETFs), they can be held as long or short positions, and thus are suitable for capitalizing on long-term appreciation in residential housing, or protecting house values over short or intermediate term declines in home prices, as might be done by home builders or individual home owners who are not able to hold the real estate assets over longer periods of time. HAVENs are intended to serve purposes similar to those of commodity contracts available to producers and consumers of commodities other than houses, such as precious metals, agricultural products or livestock. HAVENs differ from traditional insurance, in that no up-front payment is necessary to secure protection; instead a portion of ownership is pledged. In addition, this greatly broadens the public participation and thus spreads the risk. Traditional insurance resources based on homeowner premiums could be overwhelmed in a depression environment, increasing the risk that the homeowner would not be covered for his losses on sale of the property.

Home asset value enhancement notes (HAVENs)

Systems and methods for subsurface secondary and/or tertiary oil recovery optimization based on either a short term, medium term or long term optimization analysis of selected zones, wells, patterns/clusters and/or fields.

Systems and Methods for Subsurface Oil Recovery Optimization

Disclosed are methods for scheduling when to run a process to take advantage of time-varying input prices by predicting the “rank” of the current actual input price among future input prices. The rank is that portion of a future time period during which the input price will be less than the current actual input price. An “operational cutof” is set based on the portion of time during which a process should run in order to produce a target output amount. Periodically, the actual input price is determined, and its rank is predicted. The predicted rank is then compared with the operational cutoff. If the predicted rank is below the cutoff, then it makes economic sense to run the process. Otherwise, it would be cheaper not to run the process at present but to wait a while in expectation that the input price will drop.

Scheduling a process according to time-varying input prices

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Scheduling a process according to time-varying input prices