A comprehensive dynamic model for pneumatic artificial muscles considering different input frequencies and mechanical loads

A two-DOF linear ultrasonic motor utilizing the actuating approach of longitudinal-traveling-wave/bending-standing-wave hybrid excitation

The integration of 3D printed sensors into hosting structures has become a growing area of research due to simplified assembly procedures, reduced system complexity, and lower fabrication cost. Embedding 3D printed sensors into structures or bonding the sensors on surfaces are the two techniques for the integration of sensors. This review extensively discusses the fabrication of sensors through different additive manufacturing techniques. Various additive manufacturing techniques dedicated to manufacture sensors as well as their integration techniques during the manufacturing process will be discussed. This review will also discuss the basic sensing mechanisms of integrated sensors and their applications. It has been proven that integrating 3D printed sensors into infrastructures can open new possibilities for research and development in additive manufacturing and sensor materials for smart goods and the Internet of Things.

3D Printed Integrated Sensors: From Fabrication to Applications—A Review

An ultrasonic motor as a kind of smart material drive actuator has potential in robots, aerocraft, medical operations, etc. The size of the ultrasonic motor and complex circuit limits the further application of ultrasonic motors. In this paper, a single-phase driven ultrasonic motor using Bending-Bending vibrations is proposed, which has advantages in structure miniaturization and circuit simplification. Hybrid bending vibration modes were used, which were excited by only single-phase voltage. The working principle based on an oblique line trajectory is illustrated. The working bending vibration modes and resonance frequencies of the bending vibration modes were calculated by the finite element method to verify the feasibility of the proposed ultrasonic motor. Additionally, the output performance was evaluated by experiment. This paper provides a single-phase driven ultrasonic motor using Bending-Bending vibrations, which has advantages in structure miniaturization and circuit simplification.

Design and Performance Evaluation of a Single-Phase Driven Ultrasonic Motor Using Bending-Bending Vibrations.

A self-moving ultrasonic actuator (SUA) that operated by the longitudinal traveling wave and possessed high carrying/towing capability is developed in this article. The SUA is constructed by serially clamping two longitudinal transducers onto a rectangular-rod-shaped vibrating body, and its driving feet produce elliptical motions to achieve self-movement. Here, the clamped configuration and longitudinal vibration facilitate the realization of large driving force, and the bar shape brings simple structure and low weight. Initially, the SUA is designed with two developed models to not only enhance the driving force without excessively increasing the weight, but also enable the elliptical motion shapes to approach circular ones. Subsequently, an SUA prototype with the size of 315 × 32 × 30 mm is fabricated, and its vibration properties, self-moving characteristics, and carrying/towing capability are assessed. At ∼27.8-kHz frequency and 800-V voltage, the payload and towing force reached 6 kg and 24.5 N, respectively. Moreover, the SUA yielded the payload-to-weight ratio of 10.2 and the towing force density of 41.5 N/kg, exceeding the values of most conventional ones. This article validates the longitudinal TW's potential to enhance SUAs’ carrying/towing capability, and also provides a new approach to design powerful ultrasonic/piezoelectric actuators. 

Development of a Self-Moving Ultrasonic Actuator With High Carrying/Towing Capability Driven by Longitudinal Traveling Wave

Viscoelastic analytical model and design of polymer-based bimodal piezoelectric motor

A low-cost multilayer piezoelectric actuator for ultrasonic motor stator driving fabricated by a low-temperature co-fired ceramic process

Development of a stator-rotor integrated piezoelectric actuator for precise joint rotation of the robotic arm

A CFRP/PZT laminated piezoelectric motor with high force density

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is emerging as a crucial tool for detecting coronary artery disease. However, the proximal scanning method brought problems of non-uniform rotation distortion and EM interference in the IVUS system to a head. In this work, a distal rotary ultrasonic micro-motor with ingenious pre-pressure applied is developed for IVUS application. The micro-motor is compact without additional pre-pressure devices, fast responding, and is free of EM interference. Moreover, it enables excellent integration into the catheter for stable rotational scanning. The proposed motor exhibits the maximum rotary speed of 31.5 revolutions per second at a driving voltage of 160 V p-p . Image results demonstrate that the distal ultrasonic micro-motor is a promising actuator for precise IVUS scanning in complex vascular environments.

Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Imaging Using a Distal Rotary Ultrasonic Micro-motor

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