The current invention provides an integrated planar transformer and electronic component that includes at least one wideband planar transformer disposed in a planar substrate, where each wideband planar transformer includes a planar substrate in a fully-cured and rigid state, a ferrite material embedded in the planar substrate, where the ferrite material is enveloped in an elastic and non-conductive material, inter-wound conductors disposed around the embedded ferrite material, where top and bottom conductors are bonded by an insulating adhesive. The top and bottom conductors are connected in an inter-connected pattern by conductive vias disposed on each side of the ferrite material and span through the layers to the conductors. The planar transformer further includes at least one center tap connected to at least one inter-wound conductor. The integrated planar transformer and electronic component further includes at least one electronic component connected to at least one terminal of the wide-band planar transformer.

Manufacture and use of planar embedded magnetics as discrete components and in integrated connectors

A circuit for mixing first and second rf signals to produce an output signal containing a beat frequency comprises a pair of switches each of which has a four diode bridge controlled by the first rf signal. The first rf signal is coupled to a balanced current divider with common mode signal rejection. Load resistors coupled to the bridges provide matched termination of the first rf signal irrespective of the conductive state of the bridges. The value of the resistors and the characteristic impedance of the drive circuit is related to the characteristics of the diodes utilized to maximize the dynamic range of the mixer. Circuitry is provided for coupling all diodes of each bridge in series with respect to the average dc component of the first rf signal and to properly terminate the average dc component. The two diode bridges are conductive and nonconductive in opposing half cycles of the first rf signal. A hybrid has its summing port coupled to the switch port of one bridge and its difference port coupled to the switch port of the other bridge. The second rf signal is coupled to input port of the hybrid which includes a balun for balancing and rejecting common mode signals from the second rf signal. The beat frequency is provided at the output port of the hybrid which also includes a balun for rejecting common mode signals. The desired and filtered frequency components of the second rf signal are properly terminated.

Doubly balanced mixer with optimized dynamic range

A broadband waveguide mixer suitable for the microwave and millimeter wave regions is described. The mixer is characterized by having a unique dual-guide mixer mount through which extends two parallel and spaced waveguides. The RF wave and the local oscillator wave are respectively impressed on the two waveguides via a hybrid coupler. A pair of crossbars extend through each waveguide. A pair of diodes connected back-to-back are disposed in each waveguide and are connected to the respective crossbars. Each pair of diodes has a polarity opposite to that of the other pair. The output is derived from a coaxial cable connected to the adjacent ends of the two crossbars. The input signals may be applied by a folded hybrid tee or a short slot hybrid coupler to simplify the input structure. The mixer has low noise and broadband performance.

Broadband waveguide mixer

A first signal, having at least one frequency tone, is applied in push-pull to a signal combiner. A second signal is also applied to the signal combiner. The product of the first and second signal at one phase forms a first signal component at a first signal combiner output terminal, a second signal component at the first output terminal being intermodulation products. The product of the first and second signal, 180* out of phase with respect to the first signal component at the first output terminal, forms a first signal component at a second signal combiner output terminal, a second signal component at the second output terminal being intermodulation products. The signals at the first and second signal combiner output terminals are filtered and passed through a difference circuit, the undesired intermodulation products being substantially reduced at the system output terminal.

Wide dynamic range product detector

Monture de diode hyperfrequence

A WIDEBAND FREQUENCY TRANSLATING CIRCUIT ESPECIALLY SUITED FOR CONVERTING, EN MASSE, TELEVISION AND FM SIGNALS IN A GIVEN FREQUENCY RANGE TO A HIGHER FREQUENCY RANGE FOR TRANSMISSION OVER A MICROWAVE LINK. BRIEFLY, THE FREQUENCY TRANSLATING CIRCUIT UTILIZES A MODULATOR COMPRISING ONE OR TWO VARACTOR DIODES COUPLED TO A FIRST PAIR OF CONJUGATE ARMS OF A BICONJUGATE HYBRID NETWORK. MICROWAVE ENERGY IS APPLIED TO A THIRD ARM AND THE MODULATED MICROWAVE ENERGY IS COUPLED OUT OF THE FOURTH ARM. THE WAVE ENERGY CORRESPONDING TO THE TELEVISION AND FM SIGNALS TO BE TRALSLATED IS DIVIDED IN A POWERDIVIDING NETWORK AND APPLIED TO THE DIODES IN OPPOSITE ARMS IN ANTI-PHASE RELATIONSHIP. THIS MODULATING SIGNAL CAUSES THE EFFECTIVE IMPEDANCE OF THE DIODES TO VARY THEREBY MODULATING THE MICROWAVE ENERGY PROPAGATING IN THE DIODE-CONTAINING CONJUGATE ARMS. APPROPRIATE FILTERING MEANS CAN BE PROVIDED AT THE MODULATOR OUTPUT FOR ELIMINATING THE CARRIER AND LOWER SIDEBAND MODULATION COMPONENTS.

Wideband frequency translating circuit using balanced modulator

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Wideband frequency translating circuit using balanced modulator