SUMMARY Psychometric tests are effective to measure psychological characteristics, including personality, motivation, intellectual abilities and psychopathological traits. The Psychopathological diagnostic could be supported on some of these psychometric tests, which ideally should be of simple and fast application. Two of the most common tests are the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). SCL 90, developed by Derogatis, Lipman and Covi in 1973, is a 90-item self-report inventory that assesses the level of distress experienced by the subject. Items are comprised in nine dimensions: somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The SCL 90 has been translated into several languages and has been successfully applied in Argentina and Spain. In Mexico, CruzFuentes et al. and Lara et al. considered that this test can be well used as a psychometric instrument in clinical research. Due to its efficiency and brief time to response (12-15 min.), the SCL 90 has been administered to support psicopathological diagnostics and to complement the research of epilepsy, social-behavior disorders, physical disorders, pharmacological treatment and for the comparison of psychological features in crosscultural studies. The TCI is a self-applied test that describes personality according to Clonninger’s psychobiological model. In this model temperament is described as highly heritable and stable during lifetime, and it is divided in four dimensions: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence. Character is described as being determined by the individual’s experience and is modifiable during life-time. It is divided in to three dimensions self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence.

/pdf/del-listado-de-sintomas-90-scl-90-y-del-inventario-de-55g8tkpsru.pdf

Del listado de síntomas 90 (scl 90) y del inventario de temperamento y carácter (itc)

Las pruebas psicometricas ayudan a la medicion de caracteristicas psicologicas que incluyen personalidad, motivacion, habilidades intelectuales y rasgos psicopatologicos. El diagnostico psicopatologico se puede respaldar en pruebas psicometricas que idealmente deben ser sencillas y de rapida aplicacion. Dos de las pruebas mas recurridas son el Listado de Sintomas 90 (SCL 90, por sus siglas en ingles) y el Inventario de Temperamento y Caracter (ITC). El SCL 90 evalua el grado de “distres” psicologico a traves de 90 reactivos de tipo Likert, agrupados en nueve dimensiones y el ITC consiste en una escala autoaplicable que describe la personalidad con base en el modelo psicobiologico de Cloninger. En Mexico, Cruz-Fuentes y cols., Lara y cols. y Sanchez de Carmona y cols. consideran al SCL 90 y al ITC como instrumentos utiles para la evaluacion psicometrica en investigacion clinica. Recientemente, instituciones de diversos paises han elaborado de forma exitosa versiones computarizadas del SCL 90 y del ITC, lo cual agiliza la calificacion y permite un almacenamiento permanente de los datos. El presente trabajo analiza la validez de aplicar una version computarizada del SCL 90 y del ITC en Mexico disenada por el Instituto de Neurobiologia de la UNAM. Tal version cuenta con un programa en lenguaje Java, de facil acceso para el usuario y compatible con cualquier ambiente computacional. El formato de las pruebas en su version computarizada es similar a la version lapiz-papel, y sigue los lineamientos de calificacion de reactivos presentados en los manuales de aplicacion de ambas pruebas. Metodo Las versiones computarizadas del SCL 90 y del ITC se aplicaron en dos sesiones diferentes, a dos muestras de 30 participantes cada una (15 hombres-15 mujeres, media=30, D.E.=8 anos de edad). Las versiones lapiz-papel de ambas escalas se aplicaron a dos muestras de iguales caracteristicas. Las muestras fueron constituidas por trabajadores y estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus Juriquilla y de la Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro. Se utilizo la prueba t de Student para analizar las diferencias entre los datos obtenidos en las versiones computarizadas y los datos de las versiones lapiz-papel. Asimismo se compararon graficamente los resultados obtenidos en las versiones computarizadas con dos muestras de referencia constituidas por datos publicados sobre la validez y la confiabilidad del SCL 90 y del ITC en Mexico. Resultados El tiempo invertido para responder el SCL 90 y el ITC es similar en las versiones computarizadas y de lapiz-papel. En ninguna de las dimensiones evaluadas en el SCL 90 y el ITC se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las respuestas de ambas versiones. La distribucion grafica de los resultados en cada dimension del SCL 90, asi como las medidas de tendencia central del ITC, fueron equivalentes en las versiones computarizadas y las versiones lapiz-papel de las muestras de referencia. Discusion Los resultados suponen que la aplicacion por computadora de ambas escalas cumplen con los objetivos de evaluacion para los cuales fueron disenadas. La automaticidad para calificar los reactivos en la version computarizada reduce los errores humanos en el conteo y permite la creacion de extensas bases de datos para estudios comparativos epidemiologicos y longitudinales. Con base en los resultados las versiones computarizadas del SCL 90 y del ITC son consideradas como herramientas validas y utiles para la evaluacion psicometrica.

/pdf/version-computarizada-para-la-aplicacion-del-listado-de-4omk3acmwm.pdf

Versión computarizada para la aplicación del Listado de Síntomas 90 (SCL 90) y del Inventario de Temperamento y Carácter (ITC)

SUMMARY Alcoholism is among the main worldwide public health problems and it affects men and women differentially. Several studies show that, when compared to men, women develop more severe dependence, more family and social consequences and experience more difficulties to stop drinking. Differences on the impact that substance abuse has on women’s life and health are related to the roles, functions and social expectancies placed on them concerning the continuity and care for the rest of the family. For this reason, alcohol intake constitutes a special problem since it affects the health of both the mother and her offspring. Alcoholic women have a higher risk of suffering obstetric complications during pregnancy, such as placenta insufficiency, intrauterine development retardation, early placenta detachment, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and pre-term delivery. Alcohol abuse during pregnancy is also associated with low weight offspring, congenital abnormalities and further behavioral and learning difficulties. In some countries, drinking during pregnancy is considered an offense which requires legal action. In some cases, women may be put in jail until delivery and lactation. In other regions, children welfare authorities view drinking during pregnancy as a form of aggression or neglect. Such measures prevent women from searching prenatal attention which in its case might lead to severe health consequences for the mother, the embryo and the society. Estimates of alcohol consumption during pregnancy around the world vary considerably and figures range from 4.1% to 83%. However, the variation might be related to the amount of alcohol units and the period of time considered in each measurement. A case-control study in Naucalpan, Mexico, found that 11% of the women interviewees admitted having drank during pregnancy, 5% of the mothers in the control group and 2% of the case group stopped drinking during lactation. Still, any of the considered variables was found to predict postnatal mortality through logistic regression analyses. Another study performed with data from the 1988 National Survey on Addictions documents that alcohol intake during pregnancy is a risk factor for congenital abnormalities (OR=3.4). The available data about the risks associated with drinking during pregnancy in Mexico comes from research in general population, while little is known about clinical population. For this reason, the objectives of this article are: 1. to analyze the characteristics of alcohol consumption in a group of women who sought help to stop drinking, 2. to identify family history of alcohol abuse in this group and 3. to explore the consequences of drinking on their offspring. In this case study, interviews were held with 200 women who attended two treatment agencies in Mexico City due to alcohol consumption problems. The questionnaire used includes the Spanish version of the CIDI-SAM and other sections to explore

/pdf/riesgos-asociados-al-consumo-de-alcohol-durante-el-embarazo-285ekhrozi.pdf

Riesgos asociados al consumo de alcohol durante el embarazo en mujeres alcohólicas de la ciudad de méxico

The relationship between anxiety disorders and personality traits, in their temperamental and character dimensions, has been the subject of numerous studies using the dimensional approach of the psychobiological personality. The aim of this review was to identify temperament and character traits linked both to anxiety symptoms and to specific anxious disorders comparing the data obtained from studies using the two forms of Cloninger temperament and character inventory (TCI and TCI-R). Besides the study aimed to identify, through the comparison of data, the most appropriate model to represent the relationship between personality traits and anxiety disorders. Results showed a high direct correlation between the temperamental dimension of Harm Avoidance and anxiety symptoms and an high inverse correlation between the character dimension of Self-Directedness and anxiety symptoms. Moreover specific anxiety disorders has showed typical correlation with specific temperamental and character traits. The comparison between the longitudinal studies argues in favor of a “precursor model” of explanation of these correlations whereby personality can be used to individuate early manifestations of anxiety disorder.

https://cab.unime.it/journals/index.php/MJCP/article/download/897/pdf_9

Relationship between temperament and anxiety disorders: a systematic review

Introduction and objective: The survey conducted online between October - November 2020 included 409 respondents (76.8% of females) aged 18-35 (M=24.3;SD=4.7). An anonymous and voluntary online survey contained original questions concerning the subjective assessment of stress and psychophysical wellbeing in a pandemic, assessed according to the scale from 1-9, as well as the PQ-B (PL) Questionnaire and the GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Questionnaire. The principal method of analyzing the results was hierarchical regression Material and methods: It was shown that significant predictors of the incidence of prodromal symptoms of psychosis during the pandemic were the use of a psychologist before the pandemic, subjective sense of wellbeing before the pandemic, and the severity of generalized anxiety (R2=0.243). The predictors of the severity of distress were variables analogous to the frequency of symptoms (R2=0.282). Subjective assessment of the severity of stress did not occur to be a significant predictor.

http://www.monz.pl/pdf-138915-66130?filename=The exacerbation of.pdf

The exacerbation of prodromal psychosis among healthy young adults in the context of stress and anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

UNLABELLED The aim of the present study is a characterisation of the personality dimensions of patients with anxiety disorder. METHOD Personality of 103 patients with different mixed ICD-10 diagnosis of anxiety disorders (79 females, 24 males, mean age: 38 +/- 12 years) were studied and compared to 183 healthy controls (117 females, 66 males, mean age: 35 +/- 14) using the 16 PF Cattell's Questionnaire and Cloninger's TCI. Spielberger's State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and Self-evaluation of the Beck's Depression Scale were also applies. RESULTS Levels of anxiety and depression were significantly higher in patients. It was found that patients with anxiety disorders scored higher in Cattell's following factors: O, Q4 and lower in: C, E, F, H, Q3 when compared to standard population norms. Following TCI scales differentiated the personality of patients when compared to the controls: A significant increase of all HA subscales, decrease of NS in females and NS1 in both female and male patients, increase in RD1 and decrease in RD3 in patients, decrease of P, SD, C (except C4 and C5 subscales) were observed. CONCLUSION Both TCI and 16 PF describe similar traits in the personality of patients with anxiety disorders, and are helpful in the diagnosis and prognosis of therapy.

[Personality profile of patients with anxiety disorder, as studied with the 16PF Cattell's questionnaire and Cloninger's TCI].

Authors undertake the theme of protection against anxiety and magical thinking as a defense mechanism. The
differences in functions of magical thinking in children, healthy adults and individuals suffering from mental disorders
are discussed. The described mode of thinking is a natural consequence of ones development which changes
specific attitude towards life in process of maturation of a man. If it keeps its primitive form, magical thinking
becomes a symptom of pathology.

/pdf/rola-myslenia-magicznego-w-obronie-przed-lekiem-1cz5ls7ete.pdf

Rola myślenia magicznego w obronie przed lękiem

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[Personality profile of patients with anxiety disorder, as studied with the 16PF Cattell's questionnaire and Cloninger's TCI].

Rola myślenia magicznego w obronie przed lękiem