Wood-plastic composites for 3D printing from plant fiber (bleached pulp powder, mechanical pulp powder, newspaper pulp powder, eucalyptus powder, pine powder, and lignin) and polylactic acid (PLA), with silane coupling agent (KH550) as plasticizer, were prepared via melt extrusion. The physical properties, such as surface morphology, apparent density, tensile strength, melt flow rate, compatibility, and thermal stability were measured. Moreover, the effects of the content of various types of plant fiber powder in PLA on the properties of the prepared composites were investigated. The results showed that the modified lignin/PLA composite exhibited a superior performance under the same added amount. In particular, when the amount of lignin added was 15%, the tensile strength of the composite was 74.0% higher than that of pure PLA, and the melt flow rate was reduced by 17.8% compared with pure PLA. The density of the composite increased 15.8% compared with pure PLA when the lignin content was 20%. The scanning electron microscopy cross-sectional morphology and differential scanning calorimetry analyses showed that the optimal addition amount of lignin was 15%. Finally, the prepared lignin/PLA composite material was used in 3D printing with a smooth silky property and an excellent printing performance.

https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/BioRes_14_4_8484_Liu_Prep_PLA_based_Wood_plastic_3DPrinting_Composite_16000.pdf

Polylactic Acid-based Wood-plastic 3D Printing Composite and its Properties

The three-dimensional (3D) printing technique for cement-based materials has been actively investigated and utilized in civil engineering. However, there is no systematic review of the fabricating devices. This paper reviews the software and hardware for extrusion-based 3D concrete printing. Firstly, a dedicated tool path generating software is urgently needed to meet the cementitious printing applications and to improve printing quality with toolpath optimizations. Secondly, the existing printing equipment was summarized and discussed, concluding the pros and cons of various 3D motion systems, material systems, and nozzle units. Suitable choices for scientific research and engineering applications were recommended. The reinforcing techniques were categorized and concluded with the existing drawbacks and the research trend. A hybrid manufacturing system of 3D printing and the reinforcing technique was then proposed with a system diagram and flowchart.

/pdf/3d-printing-devices-and-reinforcing-techniques-for-extruded-2z1p7izm.pdf

3D Printing Devices and Reinforcing Techniques for Extruded Cement-Based Materials: A Review

Upgrading the Syrian refugee shelter design serves humanitarian needs, especially since the currently used T-shelters have a life span of 2–4 years, and there are no clear signs of an imminent return of Syrian refugees to their country, even after the end of the civil war. The use of 3D concrete printing can provide a promising method to construct new durable shelters with a long life span and provide better protection against extreme change in the desert climate, privacy, and cultural constraints. This research aims to use multi-criteria decision methods—in particular, the Analytical Hierarchal Process (AHP) method—to select the best 3D concrete printing to construct these shelters. The proposed model takes the following into consideration: the machine’s technical characteristics, building structure characteristics, and economic and environmental aspects. The three basic developed technologies—contour crafting, D-shape, and concrete printing—were used as alternatives in the model. The results show that contour crafting is the best technology for this application, and the inconsistency test and sensitivity analysis indicate an effective and reasonable technology ranking.

Selecting the Best 3D Concrete Printing Technology for Refugee Camp’s Shelter Construction Using Analytical Hierarchy Process: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Jordan

Modern theory and practice of concrete technology for 3D printing in construction

It is difficult to make conversion between the CAD model and the finite element model for the structural optimization, and to maintain the product design intent and structural manufacturing process during the optimization process. Therefore, a novel shape and topology optimization solution for continuum structure directly on CAD system is researched. Through analyzing the characteristic of CAD model and CAE mesh model, a scheme for integrating CAD/CAE model is developed with the employment of Euler mesh and extended finite element method. Based on the material derivative method, the structural sensitivities for direct modeling operations on the CAD systems are obtained to drive the CAD solid model to optimize the structural shape and topology.Furthermore, to alleviate the dimensional effect of different design parameters, a homogenization method is devised to modify the velocity field of various parameters so as to improve the convergence rate. Two examples of three dimensional solid CAD model are conducted to verify the proposed method. The experimental results show that the optimization method is validated and efficient on the CAD system.

Solution for Shape and Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures on CAD System

3D printing is a new study direction of building method in recent years. The applicability of 3D printing equipment and cement based materials is analyzed, and the influence of 3D printing operation parameters on the printing effect is explored in this paper. Results showed that the appropriate range of 3D printing operation parameters: print height/nozzle diameter is between 0.4 to 0.6, the printing speed 4-8 cm/s with pumpage 9 * 10 -2 m 3 / h.

/pdf/effect-of-processing-parameters-on-3d-printing-of-cement-1gu49uatb8.pdf

Effect of Processing Parameters on 3D Printing of Cement - based Materials

The utility model discloses a survey device of fibre muscle and concrete adhesion strength, including base, fixed frame, hydraulic lifting system, test jig and controller, install fixed frame on the base, hydraulic lifting system and test jig are installed respectively to fixed frame's inside, and hydraulic lifting system's input links to each other with the controller, and the controller links to each other with the computer of peripheral hardware, hydraulic lifting system's output is fixed with keeps silent, on the base was fixed in to the bottom of test jig, the test jig is built -in to have a concrete test block, the central pre -buried fibre muscle of concrete test block, and the length direction of fibre muscle is perpendicular with the bearing area of concrete test block, the top of test jig is worn out to the upper end of fibre muscle, keeps silent fixed linking to each other on with. The beneficial effects of the utility model are that: adopt wedge -shaped gripper utensil anchor fibre muscle, the built -in wedge resin of wedge -shaped gripper utensil presss from both sides tight fibre muscle, has certain adhesion stress with the fibre muscle, utilizes this adhesion stress immobilized fibers muscle, avoids the fibre muscle to be damaged and influence analysis results by anchor clamps, has improved the accuracy of test result.

Survey device of fibre muscle and concrete adhesion strength

The invention discloses a waterproof impermeable concrete additive with a self-repairing function. The waterproof impermeable concrete additive is prepared by compounding calcined tuff, tuff stone powder, gypsum and a compound modifying agent through a mechanical force, wherein the mass percent of each component is as follows: 10 to 30 percent of the calcined tuff, 50 to 80 percent of the tuff stone powder, 4 to 15 percent of the gypsum and 1 to 5 percent of the compound modifying agent. The waterproof impermeable concrete additive disclosed by the invention can endow concrete with excellent working performance, good volume stability and self-repairing function, and has a good secondary impermeable capability; furthermore, the tuff stone powder and the like can be recycled and the waterproof impermeable concrete additive has important economic and environmental benefits.

Waterproof impermeable concrete additive with self-repairing function and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses a composite admixture based on the stirring station waste residue activation technology and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite admixture is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of stirring station waste residue, 10-30 parts of furnace slag, 10-30 parts of water granulated slag and 10-15 parts of steel slag. The preparation method comprises the steps that (1) the waste residue of a stirring station is pre-treated; (2) the waste residue of the stirring station after pretreatment is dried in a hot air downstream type of 800 to 900 DEG C, and the water granulated slag is dried by 150 DEG C to 300 DEG C; and (3) the steel slag, the furnace slag, the waste residue of the stirring station and the water granulated slag are added in a composite modifier for grinding, wherein the waste residue of the stirring station and the water granulated slag are dried in the step (2). The prepared composite admixture meets the standard requirements of a grade I composite admixture, and the high added value application of the waste residue can be realized. The work performance and mechanical properties of the prepared concrete meet the design requirements, and the concrete green production can be realized.

Composite admixture based on stirring station waste residue activation technology and preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses crack-resistant anti-radiation mass concrete based on waste glass. The mass concrete comprises the following components: 140-160kg/m of water, 100-300kg/m of cement, 30-100kg/m of a glass powder, 50-180kg/m of fly ash, 800-1100kg/m of fine aggregates, 1400-2000kg/m of coarse aggregates, 0.35-1.9 kg/m of a composite modifier, 2.1-7.8kg/m of a water reducing agent and 0.6-1.2kg/m of fibers, wherein the coarse aggregate is prepared by mixing barite and lead glass; the fine aggregate is prepared by mixing borosilicate glass sand and barite sand. The prepared crack-resistant anti-radiation mass concrete is excellent in working performance, mechanical property, cracking resistance, durability and shielding effects; moreover, the waste glass containing lead, boron and the like can be efficiently recycled, and the crack-resistant anti-radiation mass concrete has obvious economic and environmental benefits.

Crack-resistant anti-radiation mass concrete based on waste glass and preparation method thereof

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