Abstract The embodied energy of the four main materials used in the construction of an inert gas filled, double-glazed window, of a given size, was quantified. The four main materials considered were infill gas (argon, krypton and xenon), timber, aluminium and glass. The energy requirements of the underlying manufacturing processes are also estimated for the processing of the finished product. The total embodied energy for argon, krypton and xenon cavity filled windows (1.2 m by 1.2 m standard tilt and turn window), was found to be 1031 MJ, 1539 MJ and 5531 MJ per window, respectively. For argon filled cavities, this leads to the production of 94.7 kg of CO 2 , 1.2 kg of SO 2 and 0.4 kg of NO x per window. The results presented in this paper are initial findings in the first stages of a complete Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of double-glazed windows for sustainable buildings.

Energy and environmental impact analysis of double-glazed windows

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Fundamentals Of Solar Cells Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion

: Buildings are responsible for most of the energy consumption in countries, thence energy saving in buildings is a high priority issue. Windows and glazing types are one of the factors that greatly affect the performance of buildings, both in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption for heating or cooling. The proper selection of window glazing is one of the effective strategies to minimize energy consumption. In this study, an office building was designed to determine the most suitable glazing type for office buildings, which is the main purpose, and the energy efficiency of the building was examined with Openstudio and Energyplus software. Energy modeling of the office building was conducted for four different types of glazing by using VRF systems for air-conditioning and a dedicated outdoor air system for ventilation. The effect of different windows glazing system properties on the energy performance and total energy need was calculated by considering the fixed indoor thermal and visual comfort conditions were evaluated. The study results indicated that energy consumption can reduce about 24.88 kBtu/ft2 (25%) using suitable glazing material.

/pdf/an-evaluation-of-the-glazing-type-impact-on-building-energy-1hso8pcf.pdf

An evaluation of the glazing type impact on building energy performance through a building simulation

Developing Low-Conductance Window Frames: Capabilities and Limitations of Current Window Heat Transfer Design Tools Arild Gustavsen 1,* , Dariush Arasteh 2 , Bjorn Petter Jelle 3,4 , Charlie Curcija 5 and Christian Kohler 2 Department of Architectural Design, History and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz vei 3, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Windows and Daylighting Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road Mail Stop 90R3111, Berkeley, CA 94720- 8134, USA Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hogskoleringen 7A, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway Department of Building Materials and Structures, SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, Hogskoleringen 7B,NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway Carli, Inc., 18 Tanglewood Rd. Amherst, MA 01002, USA Abstract While window frames typically represent 20-30 % of the overall window area, their impact on the total window heat transfer rates may be much larger. This effect is even greater in low-conductance (highly insulating) windows which incorporate very low conductance glazings. Developing low-conductance window frames requires accurate simulation tools for product research and development. Based on a literature review and an evaluation of current methods of modeling heat transfer through window frames, we conclude that current procedures specified in ISO standards are not sufficiently adequate for accurately evaluating heat transfer through the low-conductance frames. We conclude that the near-term priorities for improving the modeling of heat transfer through low-conductance frames are: 1. Add 2-D view-factor radiation to standard modeling and examine the current practice of averaging surface emissivity based on area weighting and the process of making an equivalent rectangular frame cavity. 2. Asses 3-D radiation effects in frame cavities and develop recommendation for inclusion into the design fenestration tools. 3. Assess existing correlations for convection in vertical cavities using CFD. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Arild.Gustavsen@ntnu.no, phone +47 73595065.

Developing Low-Conductance Window Frames: Capabilities and Limitations of Current Window Heat Transfer Design Tools

/pdf/energy-efficient-windows-2q5uzmviv7.pdf

Energy Efficient Windows

............................................................................................................... iii ÖZ ............................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................. vi PREFACE .................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... xii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................... xiv

Evaluation of Windows and Energy Performance Case-Study: Colored Building, Faculty of Architecture (EMU)

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Evaluation of Windows and Energy Performance Case-Study: Colored Building, Faculty of Architecture (EMU)