A survey was carried out in Togo, Benin and Burkina Faso involving 140 respondents and three climatic zones. Ten typical types of dryers with batch operating and natural convection were inventoried. Analysis of the results showed that: (1) Traditional sun dryers were widely used everywhere from 1 to 4000 kg per cycle, costing ?0 to ?7.63 per m2 drying area. (2) Low power solar dryers were mostly used in the Sahel and Sudan-Sahel tropical climate, from 5 to 1000 kg, costing from ?9.11 to ?238.55 per m2 of tray. (3) Gas dryers were used in all climatic zones at around 100 kg per cycle, with a high drying power, costing from ?107.52 to ?181.75 per m2 of tray. The acquisition of dryers depended mostly on the distance between provider and user and on the means of dissemination. A thermo-economic analysis was carried out to determine which dryers were most successfully adopted. These dryers will be re-employed by the users when the investment and maintenance costs enable profit to be made from the drying operation. Two types of dryers met those conditions: the traditional simple sun dryer used by families and groups: a study of an application on maize showed costs of ?0.01/kg of evaporated water equal to 7% of daily capital gain; the Atesta gas dryer used by small and medium-sized enterprises: applied to pineapple, cost ?0.07/kg of evaporated water equal to 9% of daily capital gain. New criteria had to be added to all those listed from the literature in order to choose a dryer properly: characteristics of the product to be dried, product added value, local energy availability and cost, labour skills and availability, local material availability and user investment capacity. (Resume d'auteur)

Inventory and comparative characteristics of dryers used in the sub-Saharan zone: Criteria influencing dryer choice

This work is interested in the modeling and numerical simulation of some drying rate during the drying process of mangoes under variable thermal conditions. The work was carried out based on a thermally thin layer of products in a parallel air flow type dryer. The numerical solution of heat and mass transfers’ equations using a time-dependent air temperature was used to obtain a model that predicts the precised drying kinetics of mangoes under variable external conditions. The simulation of mangoes dried through temperature steps of (60°-50°-40°C) considerably modified the drying rate compared to drying at 60°C. The quality of dried products was improved as the energy efficiency of the drier.

http://inpressco.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Paper548-52.pdf

Numerical Simulation of Convective Drying of Mangoes (mangifera Indica L.) Under Variable Thermal Conditions

This work presents a new approach of resolution of the Partial Differential Equations (PDE), which makes it possible to solve problems defined by complex PDEs. We named this method “Finite Windows Methods” (FWM). This method is adapted to the complex problems such as the modeling of the multiphasic phenomena of transfer in porous environments (drying, flows in an oil tank, …), which utilizes conservation PDEs (mass, energy, momentum) generally nonlinear, and of mechanical balance in the porous matrix which becomes deformed under the effect of the transfers. The first part of this work consists of presenting and describing the method in general. Then the method is tested on a simple case of transfer of heat through a wall.

http://inpressco.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Paper899-102.pdf

Resolution of Heat Transfer Problems by Using a New Approach: Finite Windows Methods

This work focused on the numerical study of the thermal performance of a solar collector in order to improve the indirect solar drying of fruit in an environment with high solar potential. It aims to contribute to the reduction of post-harvest losses observed during periods of high production. From the retained physical model, an equivalent electrical scheme has been established and energy balance was applied to each slice of the model using the nodal method. The obtained different equations were discretized using the implicit method of finite differences, and solved by the iterative Gaussian Pivot method written in FORTRAN program. The obtained results showed that, from April to June (mangoes harvest period in Ngaoundere city) the raining period in Adamawa Region, the solar air collector that length to width ratio is between 2 and 3, is sufficient to carry out indirect solar drying of fruits with forced convection. The outlet air temperature of the solar collector was between 45 and 60°C with an average value of 50°C, and the thermal efficiency was between 65 and 95% with an average value of 80%. Double glazing improves efficiency of the solar air collector for a small footprint.

/pdf/influence-of-geometric-parameters-on-the-thermal-3a3zb43uyd.pdf

Influence of Geometric Parameters on the Thermal Performances of a Double Air Pass Solar Collector

Depuis quelques annees, le sechage des fruits et legumes a petite echelle connait un regain d'interet au Cameroun, que ce soit pour la vente locale ou pour celle d'exportation. Or, les transformateurs qui pratiquent cette activite ne sont pas satisfaits des sechoirs qu'ils utilisent. Materiel et methodes. Dans ce contexte, nous avons realise une enquete de type semi ouvert aupres d'une cinquantaine d'unites de sechage installees dans les zones de Douala et de Yaounde (Cameroun) afin de mieux identifier les difficultes qu'elles rencontrent. Les informations obtenues au cours de cette enquete ont ete codifiees pour faciliter leur exploitation informatique. Nous n'avons conserve dans l'echantillon constitue que les entreprises travaillant a petite echelle (70 % de l'echantillon initial), c'est-a-dire traitant moins de 500 kg de produits frais par cycle de sechage. Resultats. L'analyse des resultats a montre que pres de 45 % des unites etudiees ne possedaient pas de sechoir et que 70 % des sechoirs recenses dans les unites qui en etaient equipees etaient des sechoirs a gaz. Dans l'ensemble, pres de 92 % de ces sechoirs sont des sechoirs a convection naturelle. Le modele de sechoir connu est le modele Atesta importe du Burkina Faso dont des variantes sont fabriquees localement. Il s'avere que ce modele ne repond que partiellement aux besoins des utilisateurs et que les transformateurs locaux abandonnent de plus en plus ces sechoirs. Conclusion. L'etat de lieux des activites de sechage a petite echelle des fruits et legumes dans le sud du Cameroun a fait apparaitre que, malgre les differentes offres disponibles localement, le besoin en dispositifs de sechage repondant mieux aux attentes des utilisateurs reste tres important. Ce besoin se traduit par une volonte d'acquerir des sechoirs presentant la capacite de traiter plus de 80 kg de produits frais durant un cycle de sechage de 10 h, et equipes d'un systeme de ventilation et de regulation des parametres de sechage. (Resume d'auteur)

/pdf/pratique-du-sechage-artisanal-de-fruits-et-legumes-dans-le-2n2w5poapc.pdf

Pratique du séchage artisanal de fruits et légumes dans le sud du Cameroun

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Pratique du séchage artisanal de fruits et légumes dans le sud du Cameroun