Wavelength-division multiplexing has emerged as an important physical layer technology Optical transmission provides a physical layer capable of carrying bits at the speed at the order of a gigabit per second Optical burst switching is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional WDM deployment, such as lack of fine bandwidth granularity in wavelength routing and electronic speed bottlenecks in SONET/SDH We describe an architecture for IP network over the OBS WDM transmission core The use of MPLS-type technique for forwarding data bursts and the inclusion of a medium access control layer between the optical (WDM) and IP layers are the key ingredients of the proposed architecture In particular, the architecture is based on provisioning MPLS paths, also called label switched paths, of desired quality of service through the OBS WDM transmission core The MAC layer performs various OBS-specific functions, such as burst assembly, burst scheduling, and offset setting/traffic shaping While burst assembly and burst scheduling are relatively straightforward, we point out that the offset setting strategy has significant impact on the performance of IP network operating over OBS WDM core We describe a shaping scheme to set the offset, an important system parameter for OBS, between the successive data bursts of a given data stream (label switched path) and their associated control packets This scheme results in robust operation of the network and also facilitates traffic engineering Guidelines are provided for implementing various IP QoS mechanisms in the optical backbone using OBS

Optical burst switching: a viable solution for terabit IP backbone

The present invention relates to a method for receiving control information, comprising: receiving a resource indicator concerning DeModulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) through a DM-RS field of a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH); and mapping the resource indicator regarding the DM-RS into the control information according to a predetermined condition, wherein the predetermined condition represents whether information that indicates mapping of the DM-RS and the control information is included in the PDCCH.

Method and apparatus for transmitting control information

Silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLC) provide various important devices for both optical wavelength-division-multiplexing networks and optical access network. This paper is an overview of recent progress in PLC technology including optical power splitters, arrayed-waveguide gratings, thermooptic switches, and hybrid integrated PLC's.

Silica-based planar lightwave circuits

Configuration information set in one virtual path configuration apparatus is shared with all the virtual path configuration apparatuses in the virtual private network. The configuration information may be shared by transmitting the configuration information to other virtual path configuration apparatuses or receiving configuration information from the other virtual path configuration apparatuses.

Virtual path configuration apparatus, virtual path configuration method, and computer product

Silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) are playing key roles in both optical dense wavelength-division multiplexing networks and optical access networks. This paper provides an outline of PLC technology focusing on passive devices such as arrayed waveguide grating multiplexers.

Silica-based planar lightwave circuits: passive and thermally active devices

This paper proposes the photonic knockout switch that uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The proposed switch uses two types of WDM switching: broadcast-and-select (B and S) switching and wavelength routing. To extend the size of the knockout switch concentrator, a multi-output-port wavelength-channel selector is used, which enables us to reduce the number of optical gates and wavelength routers. Simple and distributed contention control becomes possible in the optical domain through the use of the wavelength-routing switch. In this switch, coherent crosstalk is a serious problem. We measured the bit error rates of a four-output-port wavelength-channel selector. The power penalty due to the presence of coherent crosstalk is less than 1 dB.

WDM knockout switch with multi-output-port wavelength-channel selectors

An optical network system includes a master node and a plurality of optical switch nodes, allowing the number of nodes without depending on the number of wavelengths. The master node is configured to: divide a wavelength path having an arbitrary wavelength into time slots each having a predetermined time period; and allocate the time slots to each of the optical switch nodes. Each of the optical switch nodes is configured to: synchronize the time slots based on information delivered from the master node; and thereby transmit or receive a data or performs route switching.

Optical network system, optical switch node, master node, and node

A rack-mounted prototype of a broadcast-and-select (B and S) photonic ATM switch is fabricated. This switch has an optical output buffer utilizing wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signals. The WDM technology solves. The cell-collision problem in a broadcast-and-select network and leads to a simple network architecture and the broadcast/multicast function. The prototype can handle 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) coded cells and 5-Gb/s Manchester-coded cells and has a switch size of four. In this prototype, the level and timing design are key issues. Cell-by-cell level fluctuation is overcome by minimizing the loss difference between the optical paths and adopting a differential receiver capable of auto-thresholding. The temperature control of delay lines was successful in maintaining the phase synchronization. Using these techniques, we are able to provide a WDM highway with a bit error rate of less than 10/sup -12/. Fundamental photonic ATM switching functions, such as optical buffering and fast wavelength-channel selection, are achieved. We show our experimental results and demonstrate the high performance and stable operation of a photonic ATM switch for use in high-speed optical switching systems as an interconnect switch for a modular ATM switch and an ATM cross-connect switch.

A prototype broadcast-and-select photonic ATM switch with a WDM output buffer

A photonic ATM switch has been developed with frequency division multiplexed (FDM) output buffers. The switch has a broadcast-and-select network architecture using fixed-frequency-channel transmitters and a passive star configuration. Although it has a simple structure, it can provide either broadcast or multicast switching. The output buffers, which resolve cell contentions, are comprised of fiber delay lines that can easily handle signal speed of over 10 Gb/s. Experimental switching of two-multiplexed 10 Gb/s cells with a 2.8-dB power penalty demonstrated high-speed switching.

Broadcast-and-select photonic ATM switch with frequency division multiplexed output buffers

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a path calculation method for setting a plurality of paths passing through different pathways between a sender node acting like a path start point and a destination node acting like an end point in a network divided into a plurality of areas in which a routing control protocol is in operation and capable of utilizing a plurality of the setting paths for traffic load distribution and path protection. SOLUTION: In a hierarchical communication network divided into a plurality of areas, when a plurality of the paths are set between the sender node and the destination node via relay areas, a path calculation apparatus belonging to the sender side area calculates relay pathways in paths in the sender area, and path calculation apparatuses belonging to the relay areas through which a plurality of the paths pass and belonging to the destination area calculate relay pathways in the relay areas through which a plurality of the paths pass on the basis of the relay pathways of the calculated paths and relay pathways in the paths in the destination area. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Path calculation system and method, and communication node

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