The article of the invention is an optically readable label for storing encoded information, said label comprising a data energy of a multiplicity of information-encoded hexagons contiguously arranged in a honeycomb pattern, and having at least two different optical properties. A process for encoding information in an optically-readable data array comprised of a honeycomb of contiguous hexagons encoded by assigning optical properties to individual hexagons in a predetermined pattern, ordering the hexagons in a predetermined sequence, and printing the hexagons with at least two optical properties. A process for retrieving information by optically scanning an information-encoded data array of contiguous polygons, preferably hexagons, creating an optical replica of the digital bit stream representative of the optical properties of the information encoded polygons, decoding that optical replica and retrieving the decoded bit stream. A stream for performing the foregoing encoding and decoding processes.

Hexagonal, information encoding article, process and system

An LED point imaging scanner for stimulating and reading fluorescent and reflective signal radiation from a target sample (10) is disclosed. LED light source (12) is mounted on scan head (20) and focused into pinhole aperture (15) of spatial filter (30), then collimated and focused to a spot (17) on sample (10). The spatial filter, or an optical fiber equivalent, effectively restricts the incoherent LED light and creates a point light source. Signal radiation from sample (10) is collected through scan head (20) and the returning light beam is collimated and focused onto detection means (40). A spatial filter (22) in the path of the returning beam may also be utilized. Detection means (40) is either a small detector directly mounted onto the scan head, or an end of an optical fiber which transmits the point image to a remotely-positioned stationary detector. The scan head is moved along one or two axes relative to the sample.

LED point scanning system

A laser beam scanner for use in a code reader or the like including more than two optical-path-length changing units inserted in the beam path to change the optical path length of the beam between the beam emitting unit and the scanning unit such that the distance from the scanner to the focal point of the beam can be changed. The optical-path-length changing units are controlled by a control unit which receives an output from a distance measuring unit. The distance measuring unit measures the distance from the laser beam scanner to the object to be scanned and indicates to the control unit to adjust the optical-path-length so that the focal point of the beam is at the same distance as the object to be scanned.

Laser beam scanner

An optical storage system including an optical storage means (25) for holographic storage of data and an optical head (24). One embodiment of the optical storage means is a card the size and shape of a normal credit card. The optical head and associated control means may be embodied in a optical drive the size of standard disk drives. The system is able to write, read and erase data. The storage means (25) can store terabytes of information. The optical head (24) is an integrated optical element without moving parts.

Optical storage system

A hybrid card comprises a substrate carrying an IC chip. An IC terminal is electrically connected to the IC chip and is arranged on a first surface of the substrate. A contact region is defined around the IC terminal and is occupied when a contact terminal of a recording/reproducing apparatus electrically contacts the IC terminal. An optical recording region has a plurality of tracks extending parallel to each other on the first surface. The contact region and the optical recording region are spaced apart in a direction parallel to the tracks.

Hybrid card and its recording/reproducing apparatus

Optisch beschreib- und/oder lesbare karte

An optical card for storing a data signal as optically readable pits including a plurality of track units, each track unit being composed of a single control track having an array of square control blocks extending in first direction, and a plurality of data tracks disposed on respective sides of the control track. The control and data tracks are aligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Data signals forming a single byte are recorded over a plurality of data tracks at positions which are aligned in the second direction. The control blocks in the control track are arranged such that focusing error, tracking error and clock pulses can be detected by processing signals obtained by optically scanning the control blocks.

Optical card for data storage for use in a data recording and retrieving apparatus

A driving apparatus for moving reciprocally a rectangular optical card in a longitudinal direction thereof, including two sets of three edge guide rollers each arranged along respective side edges of the optical card and separated from each other by a distance substantially equal to half of the longitudinal distance of the optical card, two sets of three periphery guide rollers each arranged along respective upper peripheries of the optical card and separated from each other by a distance substantialy equal to half of the longitudinal distance of the optical card, and driving rollers each arranged underneath the respective middle periphery guide rollers. The driving rollers are resiliently urged against the lower surface of the optical card and a shaft to which the driving rollers are secured and a motor connected to the shaft via gears are arranged movably up and down in conjunction with each other.

Apparatus for driving card-like record medium

An apparatus for reading and writing a data signal from and on an optical card including an optical head having a semiconductor laser for emitting a writing light beam, a light emitting diode for emitting a reading light beam, a first object lens for projecting the reading light spots onto the optical card, a second objective lens for projecting the reading light beam reflected by the optical beam onto a photodetector and a half mirror arranged in an optical axis of the second objecive lens, the first and second objective lens having inclined optical axes with respect to a surface of the optical card, a driving mechanism for feeding the optical card in its lengthwise direction, and a focusing control mechanism for moving the optical head in a direction normal to the surface of the optical card. The photodetector includes first and second detectors which are arranged to receive equally an image of a part of the optical card illuminated by the reading light beam only in a focused condition. By deriving a difference between the first and second detectors there is produced a focusing error in response to which the focusing control mechanism is driven to correct the focusing error.

Data reading and/or writing apparatus for use with an optical card

Optical pick-up for reading information recorded on an optical card includes a light emitting diode, collimator lens, beam splitter and objective lens arranged so a de-focused illuminating light spot projects onto the card and reflects to a photodetector through the objective lens and beam splitter. The photodetector includes first light receiving regions arranged within a ring-shaped area where the luminance intensity of the beam does not substantially change even when a focus condition of the objective lens with respect to the card is varied, and second light receiving regions arranged outside the ring-shaped area. A focusing error signal is obtained by deriving a difference between a first sum of output signals of the first light receiving regions and a second sum of output signals of the second light receiving regions. The collimator lens may be arranged between the beam splitter and the objective lens and the photodetector arranged on a focal point of the collimator lens. Or, a sapphire ball may be directly secured to a light emitting diode to form a ring-shaped bright portion in an illuminating light beam emanating from the sapphire ball. Then the first and second light receiving regions of the photodetector are arranged on both sides of a caustic surface of an image of an illuminating light spot on the card. The focusing error signal can be obtained stably at a high sensitivity. Further the dynamic range of the focusing error signal can be widened.

Miniaturized optical pick-up with high sensitivity focusing error detecting device

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