Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.

Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. The rapid development of flexible sensing technologies and wearable pressure sensors have attracted keen research interest and have been widely used for long‐term and real‐time cardiovascular status monitoring. Owing to compelling characteristics, including light weight, wearing comfort, and high sensitivity to pulse pressures, physiological pulse waveforms can be precisely and continuously monitored by flexible pressure sensors for wearable health monitoring. Herein, an overview of wearable pressure sensors for human pulse wave monitoring is presented, with a focus on the transduction mechanism, microengineering structures, and related applications in pulse wave monitoring and cardiovascular condition assessment. The conceptualizations and methods for the acquisition of physiological and pathological information related to the cardiovascular system are outlined. The biomechanics of arterial pulse waves and the working mechanism of various wearable pressure sensors, including triboelectric, piezoelectric, magnetoelastic, piezoresistive, capacitive, and optical sensors, are also subject to systematic debate. Exemple applications of pulse wave measurement based on microengineering structured devices are then summarized. Finally, a discussion of the opportunities and challenges that wearable pressure sensors face, as well as their potential as a wearable intelligent system for personalized healthcare is given in conclusion.

Wearable Pressure Sensors for Pulse Wave Monitoring

Wearable Sensors-Enabled Human–Machine Interaction Systems: From Design to Application

Flexible MXene-Based Composites for Wearable Devices

Serious climate changes and energy-related environmental problems are currently critical issues in the world. In order to reduce carbon emissions and save our environment, renewable energy harvesting technologies will serve as a key solution in the near future. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which is one of the most promising mechanical energy harvesters by means of contact electrification phenomenon, are explosively developing due to abundant wasting mechanical energy sources and a number of superior advantages in a wide availability and selection of materials, relatively simple device configurations, and low-cost processing. Significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been achieved toward understanding fundamental behaviors and a wide range of demonstrations since its report in 2012. As a result, considerable technological advancement has been exhibited and it advances the timeline of achievement in the proposed roadmap. Now, the technology has reached the stage of prototype development with verification of performance beyond the lab scale environment toward its commercialization. In this review, distinguished authors in the world worked together to summarize the state of the art in theory, materials, devices, systems, circuits, and applications in TENG fields. The great research achievements of researchers in this field around the world over the past decade are expected to play a major role in coming to fruition of unexpectedly accelerated technological advances over the next decade.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsnano.2c12458

Recent Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Technological Progress to Commercial Applications.

Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces

Energy wastage through irresponsible smartphone use comprises a significant sum. Using a secondary desk-based literature review, this paper evaluates con-temporary literature to calculate an approximate estimate of the amount of energy wasted through irresponsible smartphone use by US users on an annual basis. Conservative estimates purely based on overcharging of smartphones in the US suggest that the figure is in excess of US$400m per annum. A variety of factors contribute to irresponsible smartphone use, which are predominantly behavioral in nature. This paper highlights some of the impacts of excessive smartphone use and considers steps which might be taken by users themselves to reduce energy wastage during smartphone use. In addition, suggestions are made to manufac-turers to help them ‘nudge’ users into more responsible behavior through the principles of behavioral economics.

Estimating the Cost of Wasted Energy During Overcharging Smartphones and Using COVID19 Apps

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/admt.202070056

Soft Electronics: Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces (Adv. Mater. Technol. 9/2020)

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Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces

Estimating the Cost of Wasted Energy During Overcharging Smartphones and Using COVID19 Apps

Soft Electronics: Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces (Adv. Mater. Technol. 9/2020)