The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the skin, to describe skin anatomy at 3 T and to discuss future prospects of skin MRI. A 7-cm single-element surface receiver coil was developed for our 3-T MRI system. Thin sections were obtained with a three-dimensional FIESTA acquisition sequence and a spin-echo T1-weighted sequence (SET1). Prospective analysis was performed twice by two radiologists independently. Thirty-six healthy volunteers were included and underwent MRI on the face and the calf. Image quality was assessed regarding visibility of skin layers and quantification of artefacts. High field strength MR enables imaging of the skin with a high spatial in-plane resolution (87-180 microm), the total examination lasting 15-20 min. Image quality was excellent for the calf (mean SET1 quality = 96%) with a high intra- and interobserver correlation (SET1 kappa coefficient concerning visibility of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis > or = 0.84). Motion artefacts resulted in a small loss of quality and reproducibility for the face. In conclusion, 3-T MR allows high spatial resolution imaging of the skin and can potentially provide an accurate noninvasive means of analysing the skin.

Feasibility study of 3-T MR imaging of the skin

Qualitative comparison of 0.27T, 1.5T, and 3T magnetic resonance images of the normal equine foot.

The first anatomical atlas of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of white matter pathways in the canine brain was published in 2013; however, the anatomical orientation of the entire visual pathway in the canine brain, from the retina to the cortex, has not yet been studied using DTI. In the present study, 3T DTI magnetic resonance (MR) images of three dogs euthanized for reasons other than neurological disorders were obtained. The process of obtaining combined fractional anisotropy and directional maps was initiated within 1 h of death. The heads were amputated immediately after MR imaging and stored in 10% formalin until dissection and histological sampling was performed. The trajectory of the visual pathway is dissimilar to the horizontal representation in other literature. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to visualize the entire canine visual pathway in its full antero-posterior extension. Fibers from the retina to the cortex passed through the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate nucleus, Meyer's and Baum's loops, and pretectal fibers. Their projections to the cortex were similar to those in the human visual pathway. The crossing of fibers at the optic chiasm occurred in 75% of fibers. In addition to advancing our knowledge in this field of study, these results could help plan neurosurgical and radiotherapeutic procedures to avoid unnecessary damage to the visual fiber system.

/pdf/neuroanatomical-reconstruction-of-the-canine-visual-pathway-1rfvxcpraa.pdf

Neuroanatomical Reconstruction of the Canine Visual Pathway Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Artefacts en IRM

Le but de ce travail a été d’établir un ou plusieurs protocoles courts d’examen par résonance magnétique du pied équin, en choisissant les séquences les plus appropriées dans un nombre limité de coupes, permettant de visualiser différentes structures anatomiques. Trois pieds ont été examinés avec plusieurs séquences utilisées pour le système ostéo-articulaire dans sept plans différents (1 sagittal, 3 dorsaux et 3 transversaux). un score numérique a été attribué aux structures évaluées pour chaque plan et chaque séquence utilisés. Ensuite, les séquences et plans avec les scores plus élevés ont été sélectionnés afin de proposer trois protocoles courts. Le premier utilise principalement les séquences de spin écho, une séquence avec atténuation de la graisse et une séquence plus spécifique pour l’évaluation du cartilage. Le deuxième protocole utilise en plus les séquences d’écho de gradient intéressantes pour mettre en évidence les sites d’hémorragie et le cartilage articulaire. Le troisième ajoute des plans de coupe particuliers : un perpendiculaire à l’insertion distale du tendon fléchisseur profond du doigt et l’autre perpendiculaire aux ligaments collatéraux de l’articulation interphalangienne distale ainsi qu’une séquence supplémentaire alliant visualisation du cartilage et suppression de la graisse.

/pdf/choix-optimise-des-plans-et-sequences-utilises-pour-l-examen-gu6mh2f6eo.pdf

Choix optimisé des plans et séquences utilisés pour l'examen par résonance magnétique du pied équin

Artefacts en imagerie par résonance magnétique

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Artefacts en imagerie par résonance magnétique