A watermarking algorithm operating in the wavelet domain is presented. Performance improvement with respect to existing algorithms is obtained by means of a new approach to mask the watermark according to the characteristics of the human visual system (HVS). In contrast to conventional methods operating in the wavelet domain, masking is accomplished pixel by pixel by taking into account the texture and the luminance content of all the image subbands. The watermark consists of a pseudorandom sequence which is adaptively added to the largest detail bands. As usual, the watermark is detected by computing the correlation between the watermarked coefficients and the watermarking code, and the detection threshold is chosen in such a way that the knowledge of the watermark energy used in the embedding phase is not needed, thus permitting one to adapt it to the image at hand. Experimental results and comparisons with other techniques operating in the wavelet domain prove the effectiveness of the new algorithm.

http://www.kresttechnology.com/krest-academic-projects/krest-major-projects/ECE/B-Tech%20Papers/12.pdf

Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking

A modular intelligent transportation system, comprising an environmentally protected enclosure, a system communications bus, a processor module, communicating with said bus, having a image data input and an audio input, the processor module analyzing the image data and/or audio input for data patterns represented therein, having at least one available option slot, a power supply, and a communication link for external communications, in which at least one available option slot can be occupied by a wireless local area network access point, having a communications path between said communications link and said wireless access point, or other modular components.

Modular intelligent transportation system

To prevent moving shadows being misclassified as moving objects or parts of moving objects, this paper presents an explicit method for detection of moving cast shadows on a dominating scene background. Those shadows are generated by objects moving between a light source and the background. Moving cast shadows cause a frame difference between two succeeding images of a monocular video image sequence. For shadow detection, these frame differences are detected and classified into regions covered and regions uncovered by a moving shadow. The detection and classification assume plane background and a nonnegligible size and intensity of the light sources. A cast shadow is detected by temporal integration of the covered background regions while subtracting the uncovered background regions. The shadow detection method is integrated into an algorithm for two-dimensional (2-D) shape estimation of moving objects from the informative part of the description of the international standard ISO/MPEG-4. The extended segmentation algorithm compensates first apparent camera motion. Then, a spatially adaptive relaxation scheme estimates a change detection mask for two consecutive images. An object mask is derived from the change detection mask by elimination of changes due to background uncovered by moving objects and by elimination of changes due to background covered or uncovered by moving cast shadows. Results obtained with MPEG-4 test sequences and additional sequences show that the accuracy of object segmentation is substantially improved in presence of moving cast shadows. Objects and shadows are detected and tracked separately.

/pdf/detection-of-moving-cast-shadows-for-object-segmentation-3l46s4gd1a.pdf

Detection of moving cast shadows for object segmentation

A method of indexing content for network searching comprises identifying media content signals stored at sites distributed over a distributed computer network; extracting content identifiers from the content signals; using the content identifiers to obtain metadata used to classify the media content signals; and creating a searchable index of the media content signals based on the metadata, wherein users access the searchable index on the distributed computer network to submit a search query for the searchable index to retrieve links to the media content signals.

Content indexing and searching using content identifiers and associated metadata

A method and system for compressing a raw logical data object (201) for storage in a storage device operable with at leastjone storag protocol, creating, reading, writing, optimizatic in and restoring thereof. Compressing the raw logical data object (201) comprises creating in the storage device a compressed log ical data object (203) comprising aheader (204) and' one or more allocated jcompresse sections with predefined size (205-1 - 205-2); i iompressing one or more sequentially obtained chunks of raw data (202- 1- 202-6) corresponding to the raw logical data object (201) thus giving rise to the compressed data chunks (207-1 - 207-6); and sequentially accommodating the processed data chunks into: said compressed sections (205- 1 - 205-2) in accordance with an order said chunks received, wherein said compressed sections serve as atomic elements of compression/decompression operations during inpjut/output transactions on the logical data object.

Method and system for transformation of logical data objects for storage

We first present new concepts applicable to the design of multimedia search and retrieval schemes in general, and to MPEG-7 in particular, the multimedia description standard in progress. Raw multimedia data is assumed to exist in the form of programs that typically consist of a combination of media types such as visual, audio, and text. We partition each such media stream into smaller units based on actual physical events. These physical events within each media stream can then be effectively indexed for retrieval. The concept of logical events is introduced next; we define logical events as those that can provide different "views" of the content as may be desired by a user. Such events usually result from either the correlation of events that cross different media types, of by merging recursively chosen events from a lower level within each media type. We then address the related issue of how to develop a practical multimedia information retrieval system that exploits the aforementioned concepts of physical and logical events as well as other aspects such as storage, representation and indexing to enable efficient search, retrieval, and browsing. Finally, we implement the proposed concepts and solutions within a multimedia system that addresses a real application, effective browsing of broadcast news, and evaluate its performance.

/pdf/multimedia-search-and-retrieval-new-concepts-system-4t80i82mfz.pdf

Multimedia search and retrieval: new concepts, system implementation, and application

The ISO MPEG Committee, after successful completion of the MPEG-1 and the MPEG-2 standards, has recently completed the Committee Draft for MPEG-4, its third standard. MPEG-4 is designed to be an object-based standard for multimedia coding. The visual part of the standard specifies coding of both natural and synthetic video. The MPEG-4 visual standard supports coding of natural video not only in a conventional manner (using frames) but also as a collection of arbitrary shape objects (using video object planes). Further, it supports functionalities such as spatial and temporal scalability, both conventional and with arbitrary shape objects. It also supports error resilient coding for delivery of coded video on error prone channels. MPEG-4 visual standard also supports coding of synthetic video which includes still texture maps used in 3D graphics models, mesh geometry for object animation, and parameters for facial animation.

https://www.tnt.uni-hannover.de/papers/data/373/373_1.pdf

Natural and synthetic video in MPEG-4

Discusses coding standards for still images and motion video. We first briefly discuss standards already in use, including: Group 3 and Group 4 for bilevel fax images; JPEG for still color images; and H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2 for motion video. We then cover newly emerging standards such as JBIG1 and JBIG2 for bilevel fax images, JPEG-2000 for still color images, and H.263+ and MPEG-4 for motion video. Finally, we describe some directions beyond the standards such as hybrid coding of graphics/photo images, MPEG-7 for multimedia metadata, and possible new technologies.

https://www.tnt.uni-hannover.de/papers/data/378/378_1.pdf

Image and video coding-emerging standards and beyond

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Multimedia search and retrieval: new concepts, system implementation, and application

Natural and synthetic video in MPEG-4

Image and video coding-emerging standards and beyond