Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) appears to be a reliable solvent for extracting chlorophyll (Chl), however, modification of standard methods may be necessary for some species under field conditions. We found that Chl extraction of whole leaf tissue with DMSO incubated at between 25 and 40 °C was generally similar to the 80% acetone method, except for one graminoid species that required maceration. There was little effect of incubation temperature or duration of incubation beyond 7 h on extraction efficiency, but DMSO extracts were less stable than acetone extracts during one week of cold storage, especially if they thawed during this period. Since Chl extraction methods may provide variable results, particularly in the field, studies using different solvents should be compared cautiously unless specific methods have been calibrated.

Is dimethylsulfoxide a reliable solvent for extracting chlorophyll under field conditions

The aim of this research was to determine the effects on growth variables and leaf mineral concentration of tomato plants watered with nutrient solutions containing amino acids. Two separate experiments were then carried out to achieve this goal. In the first experiment, plants were watered with seven different nutrient solutions consisting of half-strength Hoagland solution supplemented with single (Alanine, Serine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine) or combined (Ala + Ser; Phe + Tyr) amino acids, each at 0.2 mM of concentration. The control nutrient solution did not have any amino acids added. Relative to the control, growth variables were not affected by the presence of amino acids. In general, the mixture of Ala + Ser increased the leaf Ca2+ concentration, and the aliphatic amino acid treatments favoured an increase in leaf K+, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations. In addition, amino acids with hydroxyl groups in their structure, Ser and Tyr, increased Mg2+ concentration. In the second experiment, the nutrient solutions were supplemented with 0.05 mM of the same amino acids (T1). Control plants were irrigated with amino acid-free nutrient solution (T0). The concentration of Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Fe, Cu, and Mn in the leaf also increased due the amino acids treatment. Chlorophyll contents in the leaves and amino acids compositions in the xylem sap and leaf water relation were also determined. In conclusion, the data reported in the two experiments point out that the application of amino acids to the nutrient solution has a beneficial effect on the leaf mineral status and on the chlorophyll concentration of the leaves.

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3741572.pdf

The effects of amino acids fertilization incorporated to the nutrient solution on mineral composition and growth in tomato seedlings.

Chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl b absorbances were determined in extracts from leaves of Citrus aurantium L. using the solvents diethyl ether (100 %), buffered 80 % aqueous acetone, and N,N′-dimethyl formamide (DMF) (99.83 %). The respective standard deviations (σ) and coefficients of variability (CV) were used to establish the errors obtained when using impure solvents. Buffered 80 % aqueous acetone gave an error of 2.1 % for Chl a and 7.1 % for Chl b, while DMF gave errors of 3.5 and 6.7 %, respectively. For current Chl determination we propose a non-abrasive method, which extracts 15 leaf discs (diameter 6 mm) with 10 cm3 of buffered 80 % aqueous acetone or DMF in hermetically sealed flasks during 24 h in darkness at 4 °C.

Influence of the Degree of Solvent Impurity on the Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorophylls in 80 % Aqueous Acetone and Dimethyl formamide. Application to Non-Abrasive Extraction of Leaves of Citrus Aurantium

Lability of chlorophylls in solvent

A new method was developed for the determination of sodium copper chlorophyll (SCC) by cloud point extraction preconcentration and spectrophotometry, for which Triton X-114 was selected as a nonionic surfactant. Several factors affecting the extraction efficiency of SCC and its subsequent determination, including the pH of the sample solution, salt and surfactant concentrations, and equilibration temperature and time, were studied and optimized. The extraction efficiency approached 99.4%. The calibration graph under the optimum conditions was linear in the concentration range of 3–220 mg/L with correlation coefficients > 0.9997 (n = 8). The limit of detection for the analytes was 0.6 mg/L (S/N = 3). The proposed method is inexpensive, simple, and accurate for the extraction and determination of SCC in food samples.

Extraction of Sodium Copper Chlorophyll in Food Samples Based on Cloud Point Extraction with a Nonionic Surfactant

Establishing errors in the spectrophotometric determination of chlorophylls using different solvents

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Establishing errors in the spectrophotometric determination of chlorophylls using different solvents