We present a new algorithm which creates redundant trees on arbitrary node-redundant or link-redundant networks. These trees are such that any node is connected to the common root of the trees by at least one of the trees in case of node or link failure. Our scheme provides rapid preplanned recovery of communications with great flexibility in the topology design. Unlike previous algorithms, our algorithm can establish two redundant trees in the case of a node failing in the network. In the case of failure of a communications link, our algorithm provides a superset of the previously known trees.

/pdf/redundant-trees-for-preplanned-recovery-in-arbitrary-vertex-205yg67mru.pdf

Redundant trees for preplanned recovery in arbitrary vertex-redundant or edge-redundant graphs

The total transmission capacity required by a transport network to satisfy demand and protect it from failures contributes significantly to its cost, especially in long-haul networks. Previously, the spare capacity of a network with a given set of working span sizes has been optimized to facilitate span restoration. Path restorable networks can, however, be even more efficient by defining the restoration problem from an end to end rerouting viewpoint. We provide a method for capacity optimization of path restorable networks which is applicable to both synchronous transfer mode (STM) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual path (VP)-based restoration. Lower bounds on spare capacity requirements in span and path restorable networks are first compared, followed by an integer program formulation based on flow constraints which solves the spare and/or working capacity placement problem in either span or path restorable networks. The benefits of path and span restoration, and of jointly optimizing working path routing and spare capacity placement, are then analyzed.

Optimal capacity placement for path restoration in STM or ATM mesh-survivable networks

A method and apparatus for generating first and second tree topologies for any source node in a network which can be represented as a node or an edge redundant graph, such that any node in the graph remains connected to the source node via at least one tree even after the failure of a node or an edge. This technique provides a recovery mechanism upon detection of a failure in a network.

Method and apparatus for automatic protection switching

A method is given for deriving a backup path routing spare capacity template that is feasible, scalable, adaptive, much faster, and near global optimal in redundancy reduction. The method includes determining working paths, aggregating the working paths into a first matrix, determining backup paths, aggregating the backup paths into a second matrix, and deriving the template from the first and second matrices. A method is also given for successively approximating the optimal spare capacity allocation needed for a network. The method includes, determining the link cost associated with a selected traffic flow's backup path, determining an updated link cost that is less than the current link cost, determining a backup path with the updated link cost, and notifying the rest of the network of the backup path.

Apparatus and method for spare capacity allocation

We present an information-theoretic framework for network management for recovery from nonergodic link failures. Building on recent work in the field of network coding, we describe the input-output relations of network nodes in terms of network codes. This very general concept of network behavior as a code provides a way to quantify essential management information as that needed to switch among different codes (behaviors) for different failure scenarios. We compare two types of recovery schemes, receiver-based and network-wide, and consider two formulations for quantifying network management. The first is a centralized formulation where network behavior is described by an overall code determining the behavior of every node, and the management requirement is taken as the logarithm of the number of such codes that the network may switch among. For this formulation, we give bounds, many of which are tight, on management requirements for various network connection problems in terms of basic parameters such as the number of source processes and the number of links in a minimum source-receiver cut. Our results include a lower bound for arbitrary connections and an upper bound for multitransmitter multicast connections, for linear receiver-based and network-wide recovery from all single link failures. The second is a node-based formulation where the management requirement is taken as the sum over all nodes of the logarithm of the number of different behaviors for each node. We show that the minimum node-based requirement for failures of links adjacent to a single receiver is achieved with receiver-based schemes.

/pdf/an-information-theoretic-view-of-network-management-otrfgtuswd.pdf

An information-theoretic view of network management

This paper presents a new scheme for real-time bandwidth allocation and path restoration (BARS) in mesh networks via SONET wideband digital cross-connect systems (WDCSs) in response to demand and load dynamics and link and/or node failure(s). The scheme dynamically maximizes bandwidth allocation while ensuring full service restorability. Since the physical network capacity is limited, sometime not all the demand can be accommodated under the full restorability requirement. This demand in SONET BARS is rejected fairly at the network boundary even if capacity for allocation is available. Bandwidth allocation and fair demand admission are optimized jointly under the full restorability requirements. The implementation of SONET WDCS does not need excessive storage. An efficient parallel algorithm for solving the optimization problem is also presented. The algorithm produces superior spare capacity assignments compared to the results in the literature.

Dynamic bandwidth-allocation and path-restoration in SONET self-healing networks

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Dynamic bandwidth-allocation and path-restoration in SONET self-healing networks