Topic
Ziegler process
About: Ziegler process is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 22 publications have been published within this topic receiving 355 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: In this article, the Ziegler process and Oxo synthesis starting from petrochemical feedstocks, and the high-pressure hydrogenation of natural fatty acids and esters are used to manufacture fatty alcohols.
Abstract: The present worldwide capacity of fatty alcohols is ca. 1.0 million metric tons per year. About 60% of this capacity is based on petrochemical feedstocks, 40% on natural fats and oils. Three basic dominating commercial-scale processes are used to manufacture fatty alcohols: the Ziegler process and the Oxo synthesis starting from petrochemical feedstocks, and the high-pressure hydrogenation of natural fatty acids and esters. Basically, the high-pressure hydrogenation can be used with triglycerides, fatty acids or fatty acid esters as feedstock. The direct hydrogenation of fats and oils has not been developed to a commercial-scale process, mainly because it was not possible to prevent decomposition of the valuable byproduct glycerol. Conversion of fatty acids into fatty alcohols by catalytic hydrogenation without preesterification requires corrosion-resistant materials of construction and acid-resistant catalysts. Required reaction temperatures are higher, resulting in a higher hydrocarbon content. The majority of fatty alcohol plants based on natural fats and oils use methyl esters as feedstock. These can be made either by esterification of fatty acids or by-transesterification of triglycerides. For catalytic high-pressure hydrogenation of methyl esters to fatty alcohols, several process options have been developed. The bawic distinguishing feature is the catalyst application either in a fixed bed arrangement or suspended in the methyl ester feed.
192 citations
Patent•
27 Oct 1972TL;DR: A process for reforming a naptha feedstock by contacting the feedstock at reforming conditions with a catalyst containing 001 to 5 weight per cent platinum disposed on an alumina support where the alumina is obtained by removing water from aluminum hydroxide produced as a byproduct from a Ziegler higher alcohol synthesis reaction as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A process for reforming a naptha feedstock by contacting the feedstock at reforming conditions with a catalyst containing 001 to 5 weight per cent platinum disposed on an alumina support wherein the alumina is obtained by removing water from aluminum hydroxide produced as a byproduct from a Ziegler higher alcohol synthesis reaction and wherein the alumina is calcined so as to have a surface area of 140-240 square meters per gram Preferably the catalyst also contains rhenium disposed on said byproduct alumina Preferably the alumina is calcined at a temperature between about 1,150* and 1,300*F prior to disposing the platinum and/or rhenium on the alumina
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a reinvestigation into the putative role of a Ziegler process during polymerization of acrylonitrile by the compound FeEt2(2,2‘-dipyridyl)2 was described.
23 citations
Patent•
11 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In antifoams based on oil-in-water emulsions, the oil phase of the emulsion contains C 12 -C 26 -alcohols, distillation residues obtained in the preparation of alcohols by an oxosynthesis or by the Ziegler process as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In antifoams based on oil-in-water emulsions, the oil phase of the emulsion contains (a) C 12 -C 26 -alcohols, distillation residues obtained in the preparation of alcohols by an oxosynthesis or by the Ziegler process and/or (b) fatty acid esters of C 12 -C 22 -carboxylic acids with monohydric, dihydric or trihydric C 1 -C 18 -alcohols, with or without (c) a hydrocarbon having a boiling point above 200° C. or fatty acids of 12 to 22 carbon atoms, constitutes from 15 to 60% by weight of the emulsion and has a mean droplet size of from 0.5 to 15 μm. The emulsions are stabilized by the addition of from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, based on the total emulsion, of a high molecular weight water-soluble homopolymer or copolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide or methacrylamide.
20 citations
Patent•
30 Dec 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the oil phase of antifoams based on oil-in-water emulsions is replaced by one or more compounds which melt at above 70° C and are selected from the group consisting of the fatty alcohols of not less than 28 carbon atoms, the esters of a C 1 -C 22 -carboxylic acid, the polyethylene waxes having a molecular weight of more than 2,000, the carnauba waxes, the montan ester waxes and the montanic acid waxes.
Abstract: In antifoams based on oil-in-water emulsions, the oil phase of the emulsions contains (a) a C 12 -C 26 -alcohol, a distillation residue which is obtainable in the preparation of alcohols having a relatively large number of carbon atoms by the oxo process or by the Ziegler process and which may furthermore be oxyalkylated and/or (b) a fatty acid ester of a C 12 -C 22 -carboxylic acid with a monohydric to trihydric C 1 -C 18 -alcohol and, if required, (c) a hydrocarbon having a boiling point above 200° C or a fatty acid of 12 to 22 carbon atoms, accounts for from 5 to 50% by weight of the emulsion and has a mean particle size of less than 25 μm, and from 5 to 50% by weight of components (a) and (b) of the oil phase are replaced by (d) one or more compounds which melt at above 70° C and are selected from the group consisting of the fatty alcohols of not less than 28 carbon atoms, the esters of a C 1 -C 22 -carboxylic acid with an alcohol of not less than 28 carbon atoms, the polyethylene waxes having a molecular weight of not less than 2,000, the carnauba waxes, the montan ester waxes and the montanic acid waxes and their salts
20 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2004 | 1 |
| 2000 | 1 |
| 1998 | 1 |
| 1996 | 2 |
| 1994 | 1 |
| 1993 | 2 |