Abstract: BACKGROUND The genus Heser (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) belongs to the Zelotes group, and is currently known to comprise 10 species distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. The type species is Heser malefactor Tuneva, 2004 from Kazakhstan. NEW INFORMATION A new spider species, Heser stoevi sp. nov. (male and female) found in Koytendag Mountains, southeastern Turkmenistan is described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to H. aradensis (Levy, 1998) from Israel but can be readily distinguished by the longer embolus, the smaller and flattened conductor, the lack of retrolateral tibial apophysis, all this coupled with very distinctive female copulatory organs. The new species was found under stones in arid grassland habitats.
TL;DR: New taxonomic data on the ground spiders of the family Gnaphosidae from the island of Cyprus are presented and a male Poecilochroa still not attributed to a known or new species is described.
Abstract: New taxonomic data on the ground spiders of the family Gnaphosidae from the island of Cyprus are presented. Three species are proposed as new to science (Drassyllus cyprius sp. n., Setaphis mccowani sp. n., Zelotes limnatis sp. n.). The male of Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy & Platnick, 1994 and the female of Zelotes zekharya Levy, 2009 are described for the first time. The transfer of Zelotes helvolus (O.P. Cambridge, 1872) and Z. helvoloides Levy, 1998 (the latter not recorded in Cyprus) to Cryptodrassus is proposed. The mismatching of male and female of C. helvoloides is discussed, and the female originally described as C. helvoloides is transferred to C. helvolus. Micaria pallipes (Lucas, 1846) is here recorded and the synonymy with Castanilla marchesii Caporiacco, 1936 is rejected, while the paralectotype of Castanilla marchesii is here assigned to Leptodrassex algericus Dalmas, 1919. Finally a male Poecilochroa still not attributed to a known or new species is described.
TL;DR: The Gnaphosidae of Cyprus are not the focus of the present paper, but the unknown female of Echemus levyi Kovblyuk, 2009 found in Cyprus, is also described here for comparative purposes.
Abstract: New taxonomic data on the ground spiders of the families Gnaphosidae, Liocranidae and Prodidomidae from the Greek islands Rodos and Symi are presented resulting from extensive field work conducted in 2006. Additional material from Karpathos is also included. In total, 48 species are recorded, and five new species (Drassodes mylonasi Chatzaki sp.n., Echemus kaltsasi Chatzaki sp.n., Minosiella apolakia Chatzaki sp.n., Phaeocedus vankeeri Chatzaki sp.n., and Turkozelotes attavirus Chatzaki sp.n.) are proposed. Although the Gnaphosidae of Cyprus are not the focus of the present paper, the unknown female of Echemus levyi Kovblyuk, 2009 found in Cyprus, is also described here for comparative purposes. Leptodrassex memorialis (Spassky, 1940) is justifiably transferred to the genus Leptopilos Levy, 2009 and it is therefore regarded as Leptopilos memorialis comb.nov. The male of Zelotes daidalus Chatzaki, 2003 and the female of Z. minous Chatzaki, 2003 are newly matched and Z. daidalus is further synonymised with Z. shaked Levy, 1998.The new matching of Z. minous males with Z. daidalus females is justified. Two species are new records for Greece: Zelotes limnatis Chatzaki Russell-Smith, 2017 and Agraecina scupiensis Deltshev, 2016.
TL;DR: A glossary of Latin words and phrases used in usage and criticism of the works of JRR Tolkien is provided.
Abstract: ................ 3 Introduction ................. 3 Collections Examined................. 7 Drassyllus Chamberlin ................. 7 The fallens Group................. 8 The lamprus Group................. 18 The notonus Group................. 29 The niger Group ................. 36 The novus Group................. 42 The frigidus Group ................. 51 The mumai Group................. 70 The insularis Group ................. 73 Literature Cited................. 94 Index of Specific Names ................. 97
TL;DR: A critical check list of Bulgarian spiders is presented, together with a comprehensive review of published data, which lists 910 species based on 173 publications and proposes the following new synonyms.
Abstract: Summary A critical check list of Bulgarian spiders is presented, together with a comprehensive review of published data. Altogether 910 species based on 173 publications are listed, derived from a total of 7,222 records. Many changes in nomenclature have been made as a result of taxonomic revisions and the re-examination of existing collections. The following new synonyms are proposed: Linyphia phrygiana var. pirini Drensky, 1921 = Pityohyphantes phrygianus (C. L. Koch, 1836), Hogna (Tarentula) macedonica Drensky, l929 = Hogna radiata (Latreille, 1817), Prosthesima bitolensis Drensky, 1929 = Zelotes gracilis (Canestrini, 1868), Comaroma ressenensis Drensky, 1929 = Spermophora senoculata (Duges, 1836), and Cyclosa strandjae Drensky, 1915 = Cyclosa conica (Pallas, 1772).