TL;DR: There is an unusual degree of variation among different genera of Xyridaceae for characters such as tapetum type, indicating that the monophyly of the family requires testing, and while several characters indicate two generic groups, there is much missing critical information for embryological and seed coat characters in other Xyrdaceae.
Abstract: Flower anatomy, embryology, and seed anatomy are described for some Brazilian species of Xyris section Nematopus and reviewed with respect to the systematic position of Xyris and allied taxa in Commelinanae. Apart from tenuinucellate ovules (shared with Poales, Mayaca, and Eriocaulaceae), Xyris lacks some of the synapomorphies of other genera that are sometimes included in Xyridaceae (Aratitiyopea, Achlyphila, Abolboda, and Orectanthe), such as inaperturate spinulate pollen; Xyris has monosulcate reticulate pollen. There is an unusual degree of variation among different genera of Xyridaceae for characters such as tapetum type, indicating that the monophyly of the family requires testing. However, while several characters indicate two generic groups, there is much missing critical information for embryological and seed coat characters in other Xyridaceae.
TL;DR: Based on current data, the preferred hypothesis is that meristic differences are at least partly responsible for the apparently widespread occurrence of three-traced petals in monocots.
TL;DR: This work is the first part of a treatment of New World Xyridaceae, exclusive of Xyris, and is focused on the other four genera that make up this family, namely Abolboda (21 species), Achlyphila (one species), Aratitiyopea ( one species), and Orectanthe (two species).
Abstract: This work is the first part of a treatment of New World Xyridaceae, exclusive of Xyris, and is focused on the other four genera that make up this family, namely Abolboda (21 species), Achlyphila (one species), Aratitiyopea (one species), and Orectanthe (two species). The treatment is conventional, providing (1) a general description, (2) a key to the genera, (3) detailed descriptions of each of the four genera and keys to their species where needed, and (4) illustrations of species and varieties together with synonymy and geographic distribution
TL;DR: Ensiform leaf development in monocotyledons follows a broadly similar sequence in a wide range of relatively unrelated taxa, indicating a plastic developmental pattern, possibly associated with stressed environmental conditions, since Xyrisspecies tend to grow in relatively damp but nutrient-poor environments.