TL;DR: In this paper, a protocol detection system for enabling a network system to detect and interface one or more network devices each operating according to at least one of a plurality of different communication protocols is presented.
Abstract: A communication protocol detection system for enabling a network system to detect and interface one or more network devices each operating according to at least one of a plurality of different communication protocols. In one embodiment, a network interface card (NIC) is capable of operating according to one of two different communication protocols, such as the 10Base-T and 100Base-TX Ethernet Standards. The NIC includes two corresponding transceivers, where the transceivers are interfaced to a network connector for interfacing an external network device. Control logic initially enables the 10Base-T transceiver to determine if link pulses are detected. If link pulses are detected, the 100Base-T transceiver is enabled to determine if it detects the link pulses. If so, the 100Base-T transceiver is used to establish communications, and if not, the 10Base-T transceiver is used. Preferably, the 100Base-T transceiver is re-enabled a predetermined number of times to determine if the network device is a 100 Mbps device. In another embodiment, a repeater includes a plurality of interface circuits, each including a plurality of transceivers. Each of the transceivers of each of the interface circuits of each port is connected to a corresponding repeater module through an array of buses. Control logic enables the transceivers one at a time within each interface circuit and correspondingly monitors the corresponding link signal. When an enabled transceiver detects link pulses, that transceiver is used to establish communications. If a link signal indicates termination of communications, enabling of the transceivers one at a time is resumed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide integrated framing in pluggable optical transceivers to extend the OTN framework into metro, regional, and core applications, and provide integrated FEC and optical layer OAM&P features.
Abstract: The present invention provides integrated framing in pluggable optical transceivers to extend the OTN framework into metro, regional, and core applications. Additionally, the present invention provides integrated FEC and optical layer OAM&P features Ento pluggable optical transceivers. This integration is done with existing pluggable transceivers defined by MSAs such as, but not limited to, XFP, XPAK, XENPAK, X2, XFP-E, and SFP+. Further, the present invention can be extended to new, emerging pluggable transceiver standards and specifications. The integration of framing, FEC, and optical layer OAM&P is done so that the pluggable transceiver preserves the specifications in the MSAs. This allows systems designed for existing pluggable transceivers to realize carrier-grade, robust performance without needed additional equipment such as transponders and without redesigning host equipment such as the line card to support new specifications.
TL;DR: Two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy is applied to mouse spinal cord locomotor networks and the methodology by which calcium activity can be recorded in XFP-expressing neurons is presented, so the network properties and functional correlates with locomotion of identified populations of interneurons can be studied simultaneously.
Abstract: Fluorescent protein (XFP) expression in postnatal neurons allows the anatomical and physiological investigation of identified subpopulations of interneurons with established techniques. However, the spatiotemporal pattern of activity of these XFP neurons within a network and their role in the functional output of the network are more challenging issues to investigate. Here we apply two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy to mouse spinal cord locomotor networks and present the methodology by which calcium activity can be recorded in XFP-expressing neurons. Such activity can be studied both in relation to neighboring non-XFP neurons in a spinal cord slice preparation and in relation to functional locomotor output monitored by ventral root activity in the intact in vitro spinal cord. Thus the network properties and functional correlates with locomotion of identified populations of interneurons can be studied simultaneously.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an optical transceiver defined by an MSA agreement with integrated performance monitoring (PM); optical layer operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAMP) and alarming in optical transceivers, such as multi-source agreement (MSA)-defined modules.
Abstract: The present disclosure provides integrated performance monitoring (PM); optical layer operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAMP and alarming in optical transceivers, such as multi-source agreement (MSA)-defined modules. The present disclosure includes an optical transceiver defined by an MSA agreement with integrated PM and alarming for carrier-grade operation. The integration preserves the existing MSA specifications allowing the optical transceiver to operate with any compliant MSA host device. Further, the host device can be configured through software to retrieve the PM and alarming from the optical transceiver. The optical transceiver can include CFP and variants thereof (e.g., future CFP2, CDFP, CXP), OIF-MSA-100GLH-EM-01.0, CCRx (Compact Coherent Receiver), Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP) and variants thereof (e.g., future QSFP+, QSFP2), 10×10 MSA, XFP, XPAK, XENPAK, X2, XFP-E, SFP, SFP+, 300-pin, and the like.
TL;DR: Oligonucleotide sequences from the conserved and variable xfp regions were used as PCR primers, in combinations of appropriate specificity, for the detection and identification of Bifidobacterium isolates.
Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of the xfp-gene region in six known and two unknown species of Bifidobacterium was determined and compared with the published sequences of B. animalis subsp. lactis DSM10140 and B. longum biovar longum NCC2705. The xfp coding sequences were 73% identical and coded for 825 amino acids in all 10 sequences. Partial sequences of an adjacent gene, guaA, were 61% identical in six sequences for which data were available. The region between xfp and guaA was variable in both length and sequence. Oligonucleotide sequences from the conserved and variable xfp regions were used as PCR primers, in combinations of appropriate specificity, for the detection and identification of Bifidobacterium isolates.