TL;DR: In the Wythoff game, a player may remove any positive number of tokens from a single pile, or he may take from both piles, provided that I k 11 0, is an N-position for every a; the Next player moves to (0, 0) and wins as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: 1. Wythoff Games. Let a be a positive integer. Given two piles of tokens, two players move alternately. The moves are of two types: a player may remove any positive number of tokens from a single pile, or he may take from both piles, say k (> 0) from one and 1 (> 0) from the other, provided that I k 11 0, is an N-position for every a; the Next player moves to (0, 0) and wins. For a = 2, the position (1, 3) is a P-position: if Next moves to (0, 3), (0,2) or (0, 1), then Previous, using a move of the first type, moves to (0, 0) and wins. If Next moves to (1, 2) or to (1, 1), then Previous, using a move of the second type, can again move to (0, 0). The set of all P-positions is denoted by P, and the set of all N-positions by N.
TL;DR: Recursive, algebraic and arithmetic strategies for winning generalized Wythoff games in misere play are given and the notion of cedar trees, a subset of binary trees, is introduced and used for consolidating these and the normal play strategies.
TL;DR: The sets of the losing positions of geometrical extensions of Wythoff's game, where allowed moves are considered according to a set of vectors, are given, and a polynomial way to decide whether a game position is losing or not is given.
TL;DR: This work considers what happens when the rules for removing from both heaps are modified in various ways, including Nim and Wythoff's games.
Abstract: The P positions of both two-heap Nim and Wythoff's games are easy to describe, more so in the former than in the latter. Calculating the actual G values is easy for Nim but seemingly hard for Wythoff's game. We consider what happens when the rules for removing from both heaps are modified in various ways.