TL;DR: The discovery of the possibility of storing an electrical charge on surfaces arose from phenomena associated with the rubbing of amber in ancient times as discussed by the authors, but the origin of such effects was not understood until the mideight century in the period when the physics of so-called “static electricity” was being investigated and various “electrical machines” were being developed, such as the Electrophorus and the Wimshurst machine.
Abstract: The discovery of the possibility of storing an electrical charge on surfaces arose from phenomena associated with the rubbing of amber in ancient times. Of course, the origin of such effects was not understood until the mideighteenth century in the period when the physics of so-called “static electricity” was being investigated and various “electrical machines” were being developed, such as the Electrophorus and the Wimshurst machine. (Excellent examples of these, as well as Leyden jars, can be seen in the Museum of Science in Florence.) Understanding of electricity at the molecular electronic level did not begin until 140 years later, starting indirectly with the work of Michael Faraday and later with that of J. J. Thomson and of Millikan on the electron.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the electromagnetic radiation caused by the corona effect in a broadband of frequencies up to 1.2 GHz using the Wimshurst machine and the spectrum analyzer.
Abstract: This work aims to demonstrate the electromagnetic radiation caused by the corona effect. The source of electrostatic field is the Wimshurst machine. Widely studied in high voltage systems, the corona effect has been proved to be the source of EMI in a broadband of frequencies. By applying a DC electric field, one can show that the electromagnetic radiation occurs during the exchange of charges between the electrodes and their spatial charges. Frequencies up to 1.2 GHz were recorded at the spectrum analyzer.
TL;DR: The rotation of dielectric bodies when suspended between the knobs of a Wimshurst machine was first observed by Vedy and Gowltand as discussed by the authors about a year ago.
Abstract: THE rotation of dielectric bodies when suspended between the knobs of a Wimshurst machine was first observed by me about a year ago. Since then the phenomenon has been studied by Messrs. L. G. Vedy and G. Gowltand and other pupils of mine. Experiments illustrating the phenomenon were shown at the recent Physical and Optical Societies' exhibition at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, particulars of some of which are given below.
TL;DR: In this article, the quantitative theory of an eight carrier (per disk), birotational Wimshurst static machine is developed in detail. Butler showed that if the original potentials are not regularly distributed, the machine tends continually toward a state in which they are, and the corresponding formulae contain transient terms.
Abstract: Following the general method of previous papers on the theory of static machines the quantitative theory of an eight carrier (per disk), birotational Wimshurst static machine is developed in detail. From the equations connecting the charges on the elements of the machine after any number of eighth turns, the equations connecting the corresponding voltages are deduced, and from these finally the general formulas for the potentials after any number of eighth turns. Provided the original potentials are in proper relation, the voltages increase by a constant factor (per eighth turn), and this factor is the same for all of the conductors of the machine. If the original potentials are not regularly distributed, the machine tends continually toward a state in which they are, and the corresponding formulae contain transient terms. The theory is extended to polysymmetric static machines of the same general type. A trisymmetric Wimshurst machine is treated in detail. It is shown that in general Wimshurst machines with an even number of symmetries are direct‐current machines, while those with an odd number are electrostatic alternators.
TL;DR: Schuster and Hemsalech as mentioned in this paper showed that the lines in the spectrum which are due to the metallic vapour were inclined, whilst the air lines were straight, on a moving film.
Abstract: 1. Previous Experiments .—In the year 1899 Professor Schuster and Dr. Hemsalech published the results of their experiments on the Constitution of the Electric Spark. On a slit parallel to the spark they formed an image of a spark produced between metal electrodes by a Wimshurst machine and photographed the light passing through the slit, both directly and after analysis by a prism, on a moving film in the focal plane of the camera lens, the direction of motion of the film being at right angles to the direction of the slit. A summary of their results is given below:— (1.) In the photographs on the moving film the lines in the spectrum which are due to the metallic vapour were inclined, whilst the air lines were straight.