TL;DR: Information science has begun to build on early successes, demonstrating the potential to evolve human computation systems that can model and address wicked problems (those that defy traditional problem-solving methods) at the intersection of economic, environmental, and sociopolitical systems.
Abstract: Human computation, a term introduced by Luis von Ahn ( 1 ), refers to distributed systems that combine the strengths of humans and computers to accomplish tasks that neither can do alone ( 2 ). The seminal example is reCAPTCHA, a Web widget used by 100 million people a day when they transcribe distorted text into a box to prove they are human. This free cognitive labor provides users with access to Web content and keeps websites safe from spam attacks, while feeding into a massive, crowd-powered transcription engine that has digitized 13 million articles from The New York Times archives ( 3 ). But perhaps the best known example of human computation is Wikipedia. Despite initial concerns about accuracy ( 4 ), it has become the key resource for all kinds of basic information. Information science has begun to build on these early successes, demonstrating the potential to evolve human computation systems that can model and address wicked problems (those that defy traditional problem-solving methods) at the intersection of economic, environmental, and sociopolitical systems.
TL;DR: A dynamic analysis approach for automatically executing the web application and analyzing the runtime changes in the user interface, as well as the outgoing HTTP calls, to detect inter-widget interaction violations, which requires no modification of application code, and has few false positives.
Abstract: We present a technique for automatically detecting security vulnerabilities in client-side self-contained components, called web widgets, that can co-exist independently on a single web page. In this paper we focus on two security scenarios, namely the case in which (1) a malicious widget changes the content (DOM) of another widget, and (2) a widget steals data from another widget and sends it to the server via an HTTP request. We propose a dynamic analysis approach for automatically executing the web application and analyzing the runtime changes in the user interface, as well as the outgoing HTTP calls, to detect inter-widget interaction violations. Our approach, implemented in a number of open source ATUSA plugins, called DIVA, requires no modification of application code, and has few false positives. We discuss the results of an empirical evaluation of the violation revealing capabilities, performance, and scalability of our approach, by means of two case studies, on the Exact Widget Framework and Pageflakes, a commercial, widely used widget framework.
TL;DR: In this article, a method is described for deploying a web widget, intended for use inside a web browser, in a desktop widget platform by way of a widget template modified to load the content of the web widget.
Abstract: One embodiment of a method is described for deploying a web widget, intended for use inside a web browser, in a desktop widget platform by way of a widget template modified to load the content of the web widget. The widget template is created according to the development specification of a specific desktop widget platform using generic properties and a placeholder in the source code for displaying HTML content. For any particular web widget, the generic properties of the template are modified to reflect the specific properties inferred by the web widget snippet, the placeholder is replaced with the snippet, and the resulting modified widget template is prepared for installation into the desktop widget platform where it will be deployed as a desktop widget. Other embodiments are described and presented.
TL;DR: A web widget approach to enable easy and cost-efficient integration of information systems with the Semantic Web, here data sources are combined with functionality into ready-touse software components that allow adding semantic functionality to systems with just a few lines of code.
Abstract: A lot of functionality is needed when an application, such as a museum cataloguing system, is extended with semantic capabilities, for example ontological indexing functionality or multi-facet search. To avoid duplicate work and to enable easy and cost-efficient integration of information systems with the Semantic Web, we propose a web widget approach. Here, data sources are combined with functionality into ready-touse software components that allow adding semantic functionality to systems with just a few lines of code. As a proof of the concept, we present a collection of general semantic web widgets and case applications that use them, such as the ontology server ONKI, the annotation editor SAHA and the culture portal CultureSampo.
TL;DR: A wagering game system and its operations include detecting, via a first web widget presented via a casino website, identifying information for a casino user account as discussed by the authors, which can further include determining, by at least one of one or more processors, a relationship between the user account and a second user account associated with the second server.
Abstract: A wagering game system and its operations include detecting, via a first web widget presented via a casino website, identifying information for a casino user account. The casino user account is hosted by a casino server. The first web widget is hosted by a second server separate from the casino server. The operations can further include determining, by at least one of one or more processors, a relationship between the casino user account and a second user account associated with the second server. The determining the relationship can be in response to detecting the identifying information. The operations can further include associating, by at least one of the one or more processors, the casino user account and the second user account in response to determining the relationship.