Abstract: Increasingly developers are becoming aware of the importance of software security, as frequent high-profile security incidents emphasize the need for secure code. Faced with this new problem, most developers will use their normal approach: web search. But are the resulting web resources useful and effective at promoting security in practice? Recent research has identified security problems arising from Q&A resources that help with specific secure-programming problems, but the web also contains many general resources that discuss security and secure programming more broadly, and to our knowledge few if any of these have been empirically evaluated. The continuing prevalence of security bugs suggests that this guidance ecosystem is not currently working well enough: either effective guidance is not available, or it is not reaching the developers who need it. This paper takes a first step toward understanding and improving this guidance ecosystem by identifying and analyzing 19 general advice resources. The results identify important gaps in the current ecosystem and provide a basis for future work evaluating existing resources and developing new ones to fill these gaps.

Abstract: Information resource services are the key element for resource sharing in cloud manufacturing. Traditional resource service models focus on modeling the attributes, interfaces, and descriptions of the resources into resource information services. Such resource services are suitable for local environment but suffer semantic heterogeneities in open cloud environment. Recently, well-designed ontologies are applied in resource service models to unify the schema and eliminate the semantic heterogeneities among the services. However, the effectiveness of ontology-based models mainly depends on the expertise of the ontology experts in ontology designing. Moreover, it is difficult to catch the dynamic changes in the cloud once the ontology has been embedded. In this paper, a semantic model is presented for information resource service modeling that uses semantic links instead of ontologies. The model takes advantage of semantic links to enable automated integrating and distributed updating in resource service cloud. In the experiment, the model is applied on practical manufacturing resources from a wheel manufacturing company. The case study and experimental results show that the proposed model is suitable for modeling manufacturing resources into cloud services and enables the flexible and distributed manipulation on resource services in the cloud environment.

Abstract: Association link network (ALN) can organize massive Web information to provide many intelligent services in our big data society. Effective semantic layered technologies not only can provide theoretical support for knowledge discovery in Web resources, but also can improve the searching efficiency of related information systems such as Web information system and industrial information system. How to realize the layer division of association semantic by the hierarchy analysis of ALN is an important research topic. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a hierarchy-cutting model of association semantic. First, experiments of four types of keywords with different linking roles are conducted to discover the possible distribution law. Experimental results show that these keywords with association role reveal previous power-law distribution. Then, based on the discovered power-law distribution, up-cutting and down-cutting points are presented to divide the association semantic into three layers. At the same time, theories of the hierarchy-cutting model are presented. Finally, examples of current core topic and permanent topics belonging to a domain are given. The experiments show that hierarchy-cutting points have high accuracy. The multilayer theory of association semantic can provide a theoretical support for knowledge recommendation with different particle sizes on ALNs.

Abstract: Imperfect Web resource loading prevents mobile Web browsing from providing satisfactory user experience. In this article, we design and implement the SWAROVsky system to address three main issues of current inefficient Web resource loading: (1) on-demand and thus slow loading of sub-resources of webpages ; (2) duplicated loading of resources with different URLs but the same content ; and (3) redundant loading of the same resource due to improper cache configurations . SWAROVsky employs a dual-proxy architecture that comprises a remote cloud-side proxy and a local proxy on mobile devices. The remote proxy proactively loads webpages from their original Web servers and maintains a resource loading graph for every single webpage. Based on the graph, the remote proxy is capable of deciding which resources are “really” needed for the webpage and their loading orders, and thus can synchronize these needed resources with the local proxy of a client efficiently and timely. The local proxy also runs an intelligent and light-weight algorithm to identify resources with different URLs but the same content, and thus can avoid duplicated downloading of the same content via network. Our system can be used with existing Web browsers and Web servers, and does not break the normal semantics of a webpage. Evaluations with 50 websites show that on average our system can reduce the page load time by 43.1 percent and the network data transmission by 57.6 percent, while imposing marginal system overhead.

Abstract: Introduction Computer knowledge and programming skills have been recognized as a core competence in the 21st century (Kirby & Riley, 2006). In the past decade, educational institutes all around the world have considered basic computer knowledge and programming skills as a fundamental curriculum at all school levels (Esteves, Fonseca, Morgado, & Martins, 2011; Jeon, Kim, Hong, & Kim, 2014; Kordaki, 2010). For example, in the United States, the issue of teaching computer programming languages in school has been widely discussed for decades (Soloway, 1993). In Taiwan, students learn basic computer knowledge since the third grade, and basic programming skills since tenth grade; moreover, many colleges consider computer programming language courses as a fundamental curriculum for all graduate students (Wang, Huang, & Hwang, 2015). In Thailand, the higher education sector of the Ministry of Education has promoted computer and information technology skills, including computer programming concepts and skills in colleges since 2000 (Chookaew, Wanichsan, Hwang, & Panjaburee, 2016). Meanwhile, programming has been identified as a course with a high drop-out rate (Gomes, Areias, Henriques, & Mendes, 2008). Researchers have pointed out several factors affecting students' programming skills, including the lack of practice (Chen, Chang, & Wang, 2008) and insufficient or incorrect fundamental concepts of programming (Eckerdal, 2009). For example, students who lack the concept of the structure of programming are likely to write ill-structured programs (Ala-Mutka, 2004). In addition to their textbooks, most novices acquire computer and programming knowledge from the web, which provides non-structured open resources comprising various kinds of information. Therefore, many studies have reported the importance of conducting web-based learning activities for strengthening students' competences of acquiring knowledge (Kuo, Hwang, & Lee, 2012; Land & Greene, 2000; Rae & Samuels, 2011; Taradi, Taradi, Radie, & Pokrajac, 2005). The aim of facilitating student-centered learning through web technologies is to foster students' abilities of data collection, extraction and application, as well as dealing with forthcoming challenges or problems (Ates & Cataloglu, 2007; Pimta, Tayraukham, & Nuangchalerm, 2009; Land & Greene, 2000). Researchers have called such web-based learning activities that engage students in searching for information on the web, selecting information, abstracting important and relevant content and summarizing their findings for investigating a sp ecified issue or topic "Web Issue-Quest" (Sung, Hwang, & Chang, 2015). Several previous studies have reported that students' Web Issue-Quest ability could be insufficient if they lack experience or are not well trained (Bilal, 2001; Bilal, 2002). Researchers have further indicated that the type of web resources could also be another important factor affecting students' learning perceptions and outcomes in Web Issue-Quest learning activities (Jonassen, 1991; Merrill, 1991); that is, in such an activity, the information sources play an important role. Students' learning perceptions and performances could be significantly affected by the structure and content of the information sources (Fessakis, Gouli, & Mavroudi, 2012; Taradi, Taradi, Radie, & Pokrajac, 2005; Tsai, Lee, & Shen, 2013). However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of learning with different web resources on students' learning performances in computer programming courses, not to mention the investigation of factors affecting their learning outcomes using statistical analysis (Jaeger & Adair, 2014; Senocak, 2009). Therefore, in this study, a structured resource-based web issue-quest approach is proposed to facilitate programming concept learning. An experiment has been conducted to evaluate the effect of the proposed approach on students' learning achievements and perceptions in the "structured programming" unit of a high school fundamental computer programming course. …

Abstract: Referencing URLs of external web resources (eg, official language references and API documents) is an effective mechanism for knowledge sharing in Q&A websites like Stack Overflow We show that reference frequencies of URLs follow power law distribution, meaning that web resources that have been referenced frequently will likely to be referenced again However, there lack of effective methods to manage and reuse already-shared web resources relevant to entities (eg, APIs or programming concepts) that are mentioned in Q&A discussions As URL references are done in an ad-hoc manner, large amounts of entity mentions have not been linked to relevant web resources To enhance management and reuse of alreadyshared web resources in Stack Overflow, we build a knowledge base of official documentation of languages and APIs that have been shared in Stack Overflow, and develop an automatic web resources linking technique to linkify entity mentions to relevant official documentation in the knowledge base A challenge in automatic web resources linking is that entity mentions often have ambiguity, for example, same programming concepts across different languages, same name APIs in different libraries To disambiguate the right web resource to link among several URL candidates for an entity mention, our technique examines both the global popularity of the URL candidates for the entity mention and the local context relatedness of the URL candidates with the discussion thread in which the entity is mentioned We conduct large scale evaluation of the built knowledge base and the performance of our automatic web resource linking technique

Abstract: Techniques are provided for using instrumentation code to detect bots or malware. Data corresponding to requests from a plurality of client devices for a web resource comprising web code is obtained. The web resource is hosted by a first web server system. For a first client device of the plurality of client devices, instrumentation code is served. The instrumentation code is configured to execute on the first client device to monitor execution of the web code of the web resource at the first client device. One or more responses generated by the instrumentation code at the first client device are received from the first client device. The one or more responses are based one or more interactions with the web code at the first client device.

Abstract: By abstracting devices to Web resources, the Web of Things (WoT) fosters innovation and rapid prototyping in the Internet of Things (IoT): it enables developers to use standard Web technologies for creating mashups of Web services that perceive and act on the physical world (a.k.a. physical mashups). In recent years, however, it has become apparent that current programming paradigms for Web development have important shortcomings when it comes to engineering IoT systems: static Web mashups cannot adapt to dynamic IoT environments, and manually mashing-up the IoT does not scale. To address these limitations, WoT researchers started to look for means to engineer WoT systems that are more autonomous in pursuit of their design objectives. The engineering of autonomous systems has already been explored to a large extent in the scientific literature on artificial intelligence. In this position paper, we distill that large body of research into a coherent set of abstractions for engineering autonomous WoT systems.

Abstract: A primary goal of many undergraduate- and graduate-level courses in the physical sciences is to prepare students to engage in scientific research or to prepare students for careers that leverage skillsets similar to those used by research scientists. Even for students who may not intend to pursue a career with these characteristics, exposure to the context of applications in modern research can be a valuable tool for teaching and learning. However, a persistent barrier to student participation in research is familiarity with the technical language, format, and context that academic researchers use to communicate research methods and findings with each other: the literature of the field. Astrobites, an online web resource authored by graduate students, has published brief and accessible summaries of more than 1300 articles from the astrophysical literature since its founding in 2010. This article presents three methods for introducing students at all levels within the formal higher education setting to app...

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a resource loading method and apparatus for a web application in mobile applications. When version numbers of a locally cached web resource and a to-be-requested web resource are different, the web resources are downloaded through a plurality of downloading threads between a Webview and a server; a rendering thread of the Webview is not blocked; a branch thread is set in each enabled downloading thread; the downloaded resources are copied and stored in a local disk; and asynchronous loading and local caching of the web resources are realized at the same time, so that the loading speed is greatly increased and the user experience is improved.

Abstract: The invention discloses a Hadoop cloud platform-based Web resource personalized recommendation system and method. The system comprises a user model module which collects browsing behavior information of a user on a Web resource page, endows different weights to different behavior types of the user according to the browsing behavior information of the user on the Web resource page, and calculates the degree of interest of the user in the Web resource page according to the different weights, a recommendation algorithm module which carries out clustering processing on the collected browsing behavior information of the user on the Web resource page by using a recommendation algorithm according to the degree of interest calculated by the user model module, then constructs a matrix according to a clustering result, carries out nearest neighbor analysis on a target resource through the constructed matrix to obtain a nearest neighbor result of the target resource, and forecasts and fuses the degree of interest of the user according to the nearest neighbor result to obtain a recommendation scheme, and a parallel processing module which carries out off-line distributed calculation on the recommendation algorithm under a Hadoop cloud platform, and saving a calculation result.

Abstract: Unlocking Business is a new kind of textbook for business students in their first and second year of a degree. Unlocking Human Resource Management provides the following benefits:- Strict coverage of key knowledge, concepts and ideas, keeping the title lean and focused and allowing students to find what they want without having to plough through thousands of pages.- Carefully written for the learner - case studies, exercises and seminar ideas are woven into the text to help students learn as quickly as possible and to retain that knowledge in the most time-efficient way.- Encourages good practice such as complete referencing and suggested wider reading, to help those who wish to obtain the best possible degree classification.- Useful web resources include further case studies, revision summaries and interactive multiple-choice quizzes at www.routledge.com/cw/inman - A cost-effective way to prepare students for their studies.

Abstract: Within powerful social web interactions, we have witnessed an explosive growth of shared documents on the web. Indeed, the social web has been scaled up with massive shared web resources annotated by ordinary folks. The collection of folks’ tags creates a folksonomy. This collaborative tagging system enables an open exploration of each user’s tags describing web resources. Despite its simplicity of organizing web resources, it rises up ambiguous and inconsistent tags that semantically weaken the description of web resources’ content. To achieve an enriched and structured map of knowledge, it is essential to optimally retrieve organized web resources through pertinently describing them with relevant descriptors “metadata”. This article represents a combined semantic enrichment strategy using collaborative tagging guided by ontology towards pertinently describe web resources. In fact, relevant measures of performances attest the efficiency of our proposal that explores relevant folksonomy’s tags to extract web resources’ content main keywords and retrieve matching terms from a defined lightweight ontology. The alignment of social labeling with the ontology’s formalism will implicitly build an emergent semantic of enriched web resources that will establish new challenges to improve context-aware recommender systems of web resources.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. An access point (AP) may include a service discovery indicator in a broadcast message. A user equipment (UE) may tune to the radio frequency spectrum band of the AP and receive the broadcast message. The UE may identify a web resource based on the service discovery indicator and access the web resource to determine the capability configuration of the AP. The UE may access the web resource using an existing internet connection of its currently serving AP.

Abstract: A primary goal of many undergraduate- and graduate-level courses in the physical sciences is to prepare students to engage in scientific research, or to prepare students for careers that leverage skillsets similar to those used by research scientists. Even for students who may not intend to pursue a career with these characteristics, exposure to the context of applications in modern research can be a valuable tool for teaching and learning. However, a persistent barrier to student participation in research is familiarity with the technical language, format, and context that academic researchers use to communicate research methods and findings with each other: the literature of the field. Astrobites, an online web resource authored by graduate students, has published brief and accessible summaries of more than 1,300 articles from the astrophysical literature since its founding in 2010. This article presents three methods for introducing students at all levels within the formal higher education setting to approaches and results from modern research. For each method, we provide a sample lesson plan that integrates content and principles from Astrobites, including step-by-step instructions for instructors, suggestions for adapting the lesson to different class levels across the undergraduate and graduate spectrum, sample student handouts, and a grading rubric.

Abstract: Aimed at the problem of resource protection in Web system and it is not suitable for maintenance in the process of Web system development due to the tight interleaving of business logic and security logic, based on the open source security framework Spring Security, this paper proposes a task-role-based-access-control (T-RBAC) implementation scheme for Web systems. This scheme can realize the effective protection of Web resources and service methods, and can realize fine access control of Web resources. Through the security analysis and performance tests show that this scheme can manage permissions based on tasks and roles, and it meets the requirements of task based access control for Web systems, and has dynamic access control capability and good system performance. At the same time, the scheme is implemented on the basis of Spring Security framework, which can effectively develop the program, and has strong security. It has certain popularization value in practical application development.

Abstract: Since the early 1990s, archaeology has been a material consideration in planning within the UK. Recent technological advances are now enabling archaeology to a have a more proactive role in shaping places for the future as well as encouraging greater community participation. The management of data resulting from archaeological interventions has largely fallen to databases managed by local authorities. The spatial records now known as Historic Environment Records (HERs) are the primary tool for enabling effective assessment of the potential archaeological impacts posed by any proposed development. Because this is place related data, HERs are specifically mentioned in national planning policy as a proactive tool for providing the understanding required in order to create quality new developments. Local government faces increasing challenges to make their data more open and encourage greater community autonomy in decision-making. In the UK, these challenges lie at the core of the Localism Act introduced by Parliament in 2011. Simultaneously, local governments are under pressure to make efficiency savings as resources reduce. Bristol City Council have embraced these challenges by making optimal use of available internet technologies to create a web resource, Know Your Place (www.bristol.gov.uk/knowyourplace). This resource not only shares the bulk of the council’s existing historic environment data, but also invites members of the public to share their own images and information in an aim to create a shared understanding of Bristol’s heritage. Because Know Your Place is managed by the Bristol HER any information uploaded to the resource after being validated by the HER officer becomes a material planning consideration. This award winning ‘crowdsourcing’ approach is helping to manage the heritage of the city, encouraging community participation in the process without causing a detrimental impact to local authority resources. This chapter will explore how new technology is helping communities use data about the past to inform positive changes in their neighbourhoods for the future.

Abstract: Web engineering as a field has emerged to address challenges associated with developing Web applications. It is known that the development of Web applications differs from the development of non-Web applications, especially regarding some aspects such as Web size metrics. The classification of existing Web engineering knowledge would be beneficial for both practitioners and researchers in many different ways, such as finding research gaps and supporting decision making. In the context of Web effort estimation, a taxonomy was proposed to classify the existing size metrics, and more recently a systematic literature review was conducted to identify aspects related to Web resource/effort estimation. However, there is no study that classifies Web predictors (both size metrics and cost drivers). The main objective of this study is to organize the body of knowledge on Web effort predictors by designing and using a taxonomy, aiming at supporting both research and practice in Web effort estimation. To design our taxonomy, we used a recently proposed taxonomy design method. As input, we used the results of a previously conducted systematic literature review (updated in this study), an existing taxonomy of Web size metrics and expert knowledge. We identified 165 unique Web effort predictors from a final set of 98 primary studies; they were used as one of the basis to design our hierarchical taxonomy. The taxonomy has three levels, organized into 13 categories. We demonstrated the utility of the taxonomy and body of knowledge by using examples. The proposed taxonomy can be beneficial in the following ways: i) It can help to identify research gaps and some literature of interest and ii) it can support the selection of predictors for Web effort estimation. We also intend to extend the taxonomy presented to also include effort estimation techniques and accuracy metrics.

Abstract: An educational web resource is a tool that can help discern useful data on the Internet. A system of criteria, however, is needed to assess the quality of this resource. Existing assessment models use various principles for this purpose. Ten such models are considered in this paper, though none of these use the basic principles of education. This paper suggests a unique new model that considers the major pedagogical principles of scientific content, visualization, the availability and feasibility of education, humanization of education, and students’ consciousness and participation. These principles are modified for the requirements of e-learning. The main focus of creating the model is the learner. Some assessment-related points in the suggested model are described in a more detailed manner than in previous models. The new model provides criteria that can ensure the quality of an educational Web resource. Thus, the model can form the foundation for creating educational resources.

Abstract: The article deals with the issues of using Web resources in the learning process. They represent basic information about the possibility to create comfortable environments for learning processes by creating information and communication learning environments. The tasks that inspired genuine collaborative learning were characterized by a certain complexity in terms of multimodality and technology, or professional knowledge combining academic and practical experience. The authors stress the main advantages of use of Web resources in the learning process and describe various computer software used by students along with Web resources. The article is meant for public reading and for those, who are interested in creating comfortable environment during the learning process. Keywords— learning process; the Internet; web quests; multimedia; high-quality language education; Web resources.

Abstract: These days web resources keep and process a lot of valuable information. Confidential data and private pages have to be protected due to business processes. To implement this requirement and limit the number of people having access to the restricted resources, you need to configure a proper authentication on website. Unfortunately authentication is often implemented incorrectly which leads to information leaks. Frequently websites have only password protection and use other simple methods. The article deals with different comparison of authentication methods, using both simple and advanced approaches including cryptography and biometrics. Moreover, the authors give the comparative analysis of different approach parameters. Usability, performance, security and other features of the methods are analyzed. The most convenient to use, the easiest to implement and the most secure methods are found. A conclusion about the most suitable application areas of each method on World Wide Web resource is made. Possible combinations of approaches and their further implementation tendency are also discussed. An analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources, scientific articles and publications on our topic is made for the finding verification. We perform Russian and international literature search on the scientific databases as well as on the electronic library systems. Furthermore, patent research is made for finding practical implementations. It includes patents of the business organizations related to web authentication methods. The results of this research show the topic relevance, the increasing number of patented authentication methods on web resources, as well as a fairly high potential of the new method development. This way should base on improvement and unification of existing approaches and on developing of new original algorithms. As a result, it is concluded that further improvements in the trends are in the field of hybrid systems.

Abstract: Web resources are often cached by clients Caching allows bandwidth preservation since resources that have already been obtained could be reused However, it is possible only for those resources that have been requested in the past Prefetching is a technique to fetch and cache resources that have never been obtained through normal usage If prefetching a resource overlaps with the use of another resource, the subsequent use of the prefetched resource would appear to have less latency compared to normally fetching the resource on demand The core of prefetching is prediction — predicting which resources might be used in the near future Most of the published work on web prefetching is focussed on prediction algorithms that operate on server-side data These algorithms attempt mask the access latency perceived by all the clients connecting to the server Such an approach may not necessarily mask the access latency perceived by an individual client This paper focusses on individual clients and examines how client-side prediction using personal history can improve the latency perceived by an individual user

Abstract: Clustering is one of the most common techniques used in data analysis to discover hidden structures by grouping together data points that are similar in some measure into clusters. Although there are many programs available for performing clustering, a single web resource that provides both state-of-the-art clustering methods and interactive visualizations is lacking. ClusterEnG (acronym for Clustering Engine for Genomics) provides an interface for clustering big data and interactive visualizations including 3D views, cluster selection and zoom features. ClusterEnG also aims at educating the user about the similarities and differences between various clustering algorithms and provides clustering tutorials that demonstrate potential pitfalls of each algorithm. The web resource will be particularly useful to scientists who are not conversant with computing but want to understand the structure of their data in an intuitive manner. ClusterEnG is part of a bigger project called KnowEnG (Knowledge Engine for Genomics) and is available at http://education.knoweng.org/clustereng.

Abstract: Archiving Web pages into themed collections is a method for ensuring these resources are available for posterity. Services such as Archive-It exists to allow institutions to develop, curate, and preserve collections of Web resources. Understanding the contents and boundaries of these archived collections is a challenge for most people, resulting in the paradox of the larger the collection, the harder it is to understand. Meanwhile, as the sheer volume of data grows on the Web, "storytelling" is becoming a popular technique in social media for selecting Web resources to support a particular narrative or "story". There are multiple stories that can be generated from an archived collection with different perspectives about the collection. For example, a user may want to see a story that is composed of the key events from a specific Web site, a story that is composed of the key events of the story regardless of the sources, or how a specific event at a specific point in time was covered by different Web sites, etc. In this paper, we provide different case studies for possible types of stories that can be extracted from a collection. We also provide the definitions and models of these types of stories.

Abstract: This document provides a more complete specification of the "file" Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme and replaces the very brief definition in Section 3.10 of RFC 1738. It defines a common syntax that is intended to interoperate across the broad spectrum of existing usages. At the same time, it notes some other current practices around the use of file URIs.