Abstract: Background: Web development plays an important role in today's industry, so an in depth view into Web resource estimation would be valuable. However a systematic review (SR) on Web resource estimation in its entirety has not been done.Aim: The aim of this paper is to present a SR of Web resource estimation in order to define the current state of the art, and to identify any research gaps that may be present.Method: Research questions that would address the current state of the art in Web resource estimation were first identified. A comprehensive literature search was then executed resulting in the retrieval of 84 empirical studies that investigated any aspect of Web resource estimation. Data extraction and synthesis was performed on these studies with these research questions in mind.Results: We have found that there are no guidelines with regards to what resource estimation technique should be used in a particular estimation scenario, how it should be implemented, and how its effectiveness should be evaluated. Accuracy results vary widely and are dependent on numerous factors. Research has focused on development effort/cost estimation, neglecting other facets of resource estimation like quality and maintenance. Size measures have been used in all but one study as a resource predictor.Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is plenty of work to be done in the field of Web resource estimation whether it be investigating a more comprehensive approach that considers more than a single resource facet, evaluating other possible resource predictors, or trying to determine guidelines that would help simplify the process of selecting a resource estimation technique.

Abstract: Web accessibility is growing in importance. We may also find an increasing need for access to web resources by those with some sort of disability. The Web is very important for spreading information and for promoting interaction between the various elements in society. Given this, it is essential that the Web presents itself as a totally accessible resource, so that it can help citizens with disabilities and their integration in society. This obligation should be even greater for enterprises as primarily the Web is used as a marketing and business platform. With this document, we present indicators regarding the [lack of] accessibility levels of Portuguese enterprise websites. This article contains theoretical and background considerations as well as the results of two different studies that the research team undertook. First of all, the research team made a comparison between the 1000 largest Portuguese enterprises annual sales volume and the 1000 best Portuguese small and medium enterprises sales growth and profit using a specialised software tool and according to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines WCAG 1.0; the research team then also considered WCAG 2.0 and its impact on enterprise Web accessibility. In the second study qualitative in nature, focus group interactions led to a set of recommendations towards greater accessibility.

Abstract: Introducing Non-Profit Organizations Nature of nonprofit organizations and their uniqueness Different categories of nonprofit organizations Scope and significance of nonprofit organizations Growth in nonprofit sector and the reasons Contemporary issue: Case Study Discussion Questions Online Resources for students and practitioners Essential Linkages and Distinctions: Non-Profits, for Profits and Government Civil society and Nonprofit Organizations: linkages and networking Public Administration and Nonprofits: linkages and partners. Business sector and nonprofits: linkages and partners Contemporary issue Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources Legal Framework Legal framework of managing nonprofit organizations Monitoring agencies and offices Contemporary issues Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources for students and practitioners Governance Nonprofit boards Chief executive Strategic planning and mission statement Ethics and Organizational culture Contemporary issues Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources for students and practitioners Volunteers The meaning of volunteer work in nonprofits Volunteer administration program Liabilities issue Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources for students and practitioners Human Resource Management Major anti-discrimination laws HRM Issues Technology in HRM Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources for students and practitioners Employment opportunities and sources Revenue Sources Revenue sources Legal framework Contemporary Issues Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources for students and practitioners Financial Management The uniqueness of nonprofit accounting and financial management Major financial documents & technology Issues Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resource for students and practitioners Marketing What is nonprofit marketing and why is it important? Differences between nonprofit and for-profit marketing Marketing - a process Best practices Issues in nonprofit marketing Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources for students and practitioners Technology Applications and Its Strategic Use Technology planning Scope and opportunities Technology Issues Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources for students and practitioners Non-Profit Effectiveness The nature of nonprofit effectiveness Different strategies and processes of measuring effectiveness and the associated problems Are there best practices? Issues Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources for students and practitioners Global International Dimension What are NGOs? Major roles and activities of NGOs Government agency and NGO relationships Emerging issues Case Study Discussion Questions Web Resources for students and practitioners Conclusion

Abstract: FIELD: information technology. ^ SUBSTANCE: list of web resources for checking is compiled, the time or frequency of checking is established and web resource authorisation and the checking process are controlled. This system allows for efficient and rapid detection of infection of one or more web resources from the list based on access rights for the given web resource. ^ EFFECT: detection of malicious, potentially harmful and undesirable components in protected remote web resources. ^ 25 cl, 5 dwg

Abstract: Highlights? Features are extracted with various lightweight methods and from broad resources. ? The unsupervised features improve the robustness of a disambiguation system. ? Our AE system integrates various extraction approaches with high precision. ? Each integrated AE approach exactly extracts some of the right target information. Personal information extraction, which extracts the persons in question and their related information (such as biographical information and occupation) from web, is an important component to construct social network (a kind of semantic web). For this practical task, two important issues are to be discussed: personal named entity ambiguity and the extraction of personal information for a specific person. For personal named entity ambiguity, which is a common phenomenon in the fast growing web resource, we propose a robust system which extracts lightweight features with a totally unsupervised approach from broad resources. The experiments show that these lightweight features not only improve the performances, but also increase the robustness of a disambiguation system. To extract the information of the focus person, an integrated system is introduced, which is able to effectively re-use and combine current well-developed tools for web data, and at the same time, to identify the expression properties of web data. We show that our flexible extraction system achieves state-of-the-art performances, especially the high precision, which is very important for real applications.

Abstract: Concepts and technologies disclosed herein are for detecting and managing unauthorized use of cloud computing services from within an internal network of a business or other organization. A computer system may be configured to identify a plurality of Web resources that have been accessed by computing devices from within the internal network. The computer system may also be configured to obtain Internet protocol (“IP”) information from a network component of the internal network. The IP information may be used to determine whether each of the plurality of Web resources is a cloud computing service resource. The computer system may also be configured to block access to a cloud computing service resource of the plurality of Web resources upon determining that the IP information identifies the cloud computing service resource as being unauthorized.

Abstract: We provide a means to formally explain the relationship between HTTP URLs and the representations returned when they are requested. According to existing World Wide Web architecture, the URL serves as an identier for a semiotic referent while the document returned via HTTP serves as a representation of the same referent. This begins with two sides of a semiotic triangle; the third side is the relationship between the URL and the representation received. We complete this description by extending the library science resource model Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Resources (FRBR) with cryptographic message and content digests to create a Functional Requirements for Information Resources (FRIR). We show how applying the FRIR model to HTTP GET and POST transactions disambiguates the many relationships between a given URL and all representations received from its request, provides fine-grained explanations that are complementary to existing explanations of web resources, and integrates easily into the emerging W3C provenance standard.

Abstract: As semantic web technologies mature and consequently more semantic web data is published on the web, there is a growing need for tools to access and use this data in user friendly ways. The most generic tool to access semantic web data is the common web browser. Developing plug-ins for advanced web browsers is one way of adding semantic information to web documents automatically or semi-automatically. To enable this enhancement, we present a novel semantic web browser called PERSON which is short for PERsonal Semantic extensiON. PERSON is an extension for Mozilla Firefox Web Browser and it adds semantics to users' browsing experience by annotating web resources, associating them in categorical, entity-based manner and presenting more meaningful, structured documents to users. As a notable difference, semantic layer provided by PERSON works not only on web pages navigated by users but also on RSS data of user choice. Additionally, acquired content from web resources associated with linked data domains bring users together with structured information easily. In this paper, we evaluate PERSON as a new approach for semantic web browsing and present the analysis, design and implementation of PERSON and compare its features with related tools.

Abstract: To make media resources a prime citizen on the Web, we have to go beyond simply replicating digital media files. The Web is based on hyperlinks between Web resources, and that includes hyperlinking out of resources (e.g., from a word or an image within a Web page) as well as hyperlinking into resources (e.g., fragment URIs into Web pages). To turn video and audio into hypervideo and hyperaudio, we need to enable hyperlinking into and out of them. The W3C Media Fragments Working Group is taking on the challenge to further embrace W3C's mission to lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by developing a Media Fragment protocol and guidelines that ensure the long-term growth of the Web. The major contribution of this paper is the introduction of Media Fragments as a media-format independent, standard means of addressing media resources using URIs. Moreover, we explain how the HTTP protocol can be used and extended to serve Media Fragments and what the impact is for current Web-enabled media formats.

Abstract: The invention discloses an enterprise portal integrating method based on a custom client. According to the method, internal and external web resources of the enterprise can be integrated by the custom client portal, so that a user can acquire the required data, documents and processing business which cannot be delayed in a forever on-line way; and the integrated web resources are viewed as a unified application in a view of the user. According to the method, a unified client portal entrance is provided for the user, thus the user can access the integrated web resource at any time; and when new to-do, news, new data, new e-mails and the like reach, a client portal can inform on-line users in a unified way and the user can check or process business in an inform frame. According to the enterprise portal integrating method disclosed by the invention, the problems that session contents integrated by enterprise portal based on the web are easy to be out of date and update information of the integrated web resource cannot be feed back to the portal in time and the like are solved; the operation of the user is simplified; and work efficiency is improved.

Abstract: As the Web gradually evolves into the semantic web, the World Wide Web consortium (W3C) recommends that web ontology language (OWL) be used to encode semantic information content over the Web. Semantic web is an essential infrastructure to enhance Web to obtain better integration of information and intelligent use of web resources. Moreover, a web service is annotated by web ontology language for service (OWL-S) to form a semantic web service that, however, is a static description. The OWL-S based semantic web services thus are reactively invoked by users. How to dynamically coordinate, composite, or discover the services is an important issue. We use agent to proactively interpret the static OWL-S description. And, the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model is applied to develop BDI agent. This work thus proposes a ontology-based BDI agent architecture, in which a BDI agent dynamically generates customized workflow, and binds semantic web services. The architecture includes four parts: 1) Application Ontology, which is description of a specialized domain, 2) Operation ontology, which is description of BDI agent, 3) Ontology-based BDI agent engines, which interpret corresponding operational ontology to dynamically generate workflows, and 4) Java agent development environment extension (JadeX) platform that our architecture is based on. Through JadeX, our BDI agent can dynamically bind semantic web services according to customized workflows.

Abstract: The invention relates to a web resource data real-time loading system and a web resource data real-time loading method The web resource data real-time loading system comprises a server and a user side, wherein the user side comprises a resource cache, a resource manager and an application layer which are connected with one another; the resource manager receives resource requests issued by the application layer, and inputs the resource requests into the resource cache to find out corresponding resource data, and the resource data are returned to the application layer to be used; when the resource cache does not have the resource data, a default resource is generated in the resource manager, is returned to the application layer and is stored in the resource cache to occupy a position, and then loading requests are issued to the server; and when the resource data are loaded to the resource cache by the server, the resource data replace the default resource and are returned to the application layer to be used Because the resource manager generates the default resource which can be simply operated by a user to be returned to the application layer after the application layer issues the resource requests to the resource manager and before the resource manager issues the loading requests to the server, anxiety of the user due to long-time waiting is placated

Abstract: The unceasing growth and divergence of the mobile landscape has led to the use of smartphone and tablet devices in consuming Web services in enterprises. However, in heterogeneous Web services, the shift from the mobile client consumer approach to the mobile service hosting approach has received little attention; with no attention given to RESTful mobile services hosting. With the advancement of storage and processing capabilities of these devices; coupled with the high availability of the Web, this paper focuses on the use of the mobile devices as hosts of Web services in an E-health domain. To achieve this goal, the challenges of latency and Web resources state change synchronization has to be addressed to ensure data reliability; since service accessibility is facilitated by the mobile devices which communicate via unstable wireless networks.In this paper, a cloud-centric middleware technique is employed to enable access to the mobile hosts. The paper presents mobile hosting of light-weight Web services which is deployed in a real world system, and proposes a middleware platform for the update management of Web resources state changes in unreliable wireless networks. Our current implemented project, called SOPHRA, which is a joint E-health project with the Geriatrics Ward at the City Hospital in Saskatoon, supports mobile communication over Wi-Fi using HTTP.

Abstract: Both patients and medical professionals are increasingly accessing the Internet for health information Today's Web enables features that facilitate information sharing in a social and collaborative manner, thus transforming the way we access data and communicate with our patients and colleagues The visual nature of the field of dermatology lends itself to the use of the Internet for reference and educational purposes To generate a list of Web sites commonly used by academic dermatologists, the authors polled the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Dermatology Program Directors for their top 3 Web resources The purpose of this article is to identify resources used by dermatologists as well as patients and examine factors that can influence Internet search results Concerns regarding professionalism in the era of social media are also explored As the volume of health information on the Internet continues to increase, it is essential for physicians to be aware of what is available in cyberspace Reference and learning tools for the physician, learning and support tools for the patient, and physician Internet presence are key aspects of modern dermatology practice

Abstract: Highlights? Tag-based classification can help to bridge the gap between taxonomies and folksonomies. ? Tag processing techniques are essential to normalize tags. ? Stemming and misspelling correction improve the results of classification. Social or collaborative tagging systems emerged as a novel classification scheme on the Web based on the collective knowledge of people. In sites such as Del.icio.us, Technorati or Flickr, users annotate a variety of resources, including Web pages, blogs, pictures, videos or bibliographic references; using freely chosen textual labels or tags. Underlying collaborative tagging systems are ternary data structures known as folksonomies relating resources and users through tags, this information facilitate accessing and browsing massive repositories of resources. Collective annotations provided by people in the form of tags can also be exploited to organize resources on-line in a more formal classification scheme such as the ones provided by hierarchies or directories, alleviating the task of manual classification commonly required by systems like directories on the Web. In this paper we present an empirical study carried out to determine the value of tags in resource classification. Furthermore, the use of several filtering and pre-processing operations to reduce the ambiguity and noise in tags are analyzed to determine whether they allow to increase the quality of resource classification.

Abstract: In order to compute page rankings, search algorithms primarily utilize information related to page content and link structure. Microblog as a phenomenon of today provides additional, potentially relevant, information --- short messages often containing hypertext links to web resources. Such source is particularly valuable when considering a temporal aspect of information, which is being published every second. In this paper we present a method for resource ranking based on Twitter data structure processing. We apply various graph algorithms leveraging the notion of a node centrality in order to deduce microblog-based resource ranking. Our method ranks a microblog user based on his followers count with respect to a number of (re)posts and reflects it into resource ranking. The evaluation of the method showed that micro-based resource ranking a ) can not be substituted by a common form of an explicit user rating, and b ) has the great potential for search improvement.

Abstract: A programming model allows application programmers to extract Web services from various types of resources. The programming model defines relationships between various resource types and methods for each resource type to extract a Web service or another linked resource. The programming model also provides caching capability to store previously extract resources for future requests.

Abstract: Social tags have recently become popular for use as keywords for searching and annotating Web resources. The main limitation of using social tags is the focus on the keyword and human interpretability rather than on semantics and computer interpretability. Hence, although social tags are useful for information sharing and organizing, they lack the semantic metadata needed for the reasoning and inference functions that facilitate a personalized Web resource search. This study addresses this issue by defining a Semantic Tag-based Profile Framework (STPF) for integrating ontology technologies into user profiles and Web resource annotations. The proposed STPF is applied in a novel algorithm for automatically generating user profiles by combining the traditional term frequency scheme and the semantic technology. A Semantic Tag-based User Profile Platform (STUPP) based on the proposed STPF and algorithm is also used as a broker for personalized Web resource searches made for individual needs. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has higher precision and recall than the traditional term frequency scheme.

Abstract: Nowadays the Internet virtually serves as a library for people to quickly retrieve information (Web resources) on what they want to learn. Reusing Web resources to form learning resources offers a way for rapid construction of self-pace or even formal courses. This requires identifying suitable Web resources and organizing such resources into proper sequences for delivery. However, getting these done is challenging, as they need to determine a set of Web resources properties, including the relevance, importance and complexity of Web resources to students as well as the relationships among Web resources, which are not trivial to be done automatically. Particularly each student has different needs. To address the above problems, we present a learning path generation method based on the Association Link Network (ALN), which works out Web resources properties by exploiting the association among Web resources. Our experiments show that the proposed method can generate good quality learning paths and help improve student learning.

Abstract: Introduction Libraries all over the world are established to enrich the knowledge of the users through provision of vital information. This manifests more in the universities where students and faculty members and other readers are expected to use the library for teaching, learning and research. University libraries in educationally advanced countries support the educational, teaching and research needs of the parents' organization they serve. These libraries see to their responsibility of ensuring that the use of information sources is maximized to the benefit of its users. It has been observed that the basic goal of the university education in any country is to produce graduate whose training in liberal tradition will enable them to deal with the increasingly specialized problems of the country and those intellectual accomplishments and mental perspective will prepare them to operate on a more encompassing level outside their areas of specialization. Before this goal could be achieved, universities in the country needs to provide conducive environment, the facilities and competent personnel that are dedicated to the advancement of knowledge and its practical application to the needs of the modern society. The paper investigates the use of electronic information sources among faculty members in Nigerian universities. Literature Review The introduction of Electronic Information Resources into academic environments particularly universities, is almost predictably followed by rapid growth in awareness and by students and academics as documented by Peled and Rasty (1999). Ekwelem, Okafor and Ukwoma (2007) described EIS as information sources that are available and can be accessed electronically through such computer networked facilities as online library catalogues, the internet, the world wide web and digital libraries. EIS have increasingly become an invaluable asset in education, research, teaching and learning. EIS have transformed the conduct of research and teaching in universities by allowing faculty members a wide range of opportunity for accessing accurate and timely information on various subjects. The use of Electronic Information Sources enables the faculty members and the students to effectively and efficiently access digital information to assist with investigating issues, solving problems, making decisions, product and creative solutions to support learning, develop new understanding in areas of learning and teaching (Aramide and Bello, 2010). With the use of electronic sources faculty members have access to up-to -date information on various subjects and also assist in developing new thinking and learning skills. Corroborating this assertion Chisenga (1997) maintained that internet gives the faculty members a wide range of opportunities, in the creation, processing, transmission and dissemination of information. Rosenberg (2010) stated the various benefits of EIS to faculty members which include; 1. E-learning this is very effective way to deliver instruction particularly for faculty m usly. 3. Faculty members can access EIS anywhere and any time 4. EIS resources serve as a motivating factor to faculty members because they provide them opportunity to transmit acquire or download, and disseminate information on various subjects. Oduwole and Akpati (2003) identified the available electronic resource that are commonly used in Nigerian Universities which includes CD-ROM databases, electronic mail, online public catalogue (OPAC), and Web resources. Aramide and Bello (2010) stated the three major migrations that have occurred in library academic services: from printed resources to online electronic data bases; from CD-ROM data bases to on line internet access to bibliographic and full-text or full image data base Merrill (1996) argued that Online database searching skills would help faculty members to compile bibliographies on particular subjects and direct students in their course works. …

Abstract: The invention relates to an online game system and an online game resource processing method. The online game system comprises a game logic server cluster and a web resource server cluster. The game logic server cluster and the web resource server cluster provide the online service of an online game program for a plurality of clients by a communication network respectively. The web resource server cluster provides various game resources required by game pictures of the online game program. A file is created according to a plurality of game resources in the web resource server cluster, and has a file header and a content data region corresponding to the file header, wherein the file header comprises a content number, the sizes of each content and the name lengths of each content; and the content data region comprises kinds of sequentially arranged content data, and provides resource downloading service corresponding to the file according to requests of each client. Therefore, by the system and the method, a server of the game system can be prevented from being overloaded.

Abstract: The paper identifies blogs in the area of marketing of library and information services and assesses theirfeatures and contents during January to June 2009. It is found that six blogs on marketing of library servicesare active and cover variety of features, frequency, file formats, web resource categories and subjectsincluding marketing. doi: 10.14429/djlit.32.2.1598

Abstract: The virtual resource description and provisioning play a key role in virtual resources discovery, selection and binding process. However, there lacks a standard resource description schema for network virtualization. In this paper, we propose a virtual network resource description model, which can give a reference for ISPs (Internet Service Providers) to unify resource management. Furthermore, we extend the WSDL (Web Service Description Language) to specify this model, which is motivated for three reasons. The WSDL supports dynamical update services, which is precisely lacking in the existing network description language. In addition, WSDL is based on XML syntax and is flexible extended for accommodating more properties. Moreover, the resources are essentially services with minimum granularity. Besides the resource definition model and the WSDL-based virtual resource description schema, we also design a virtual resource provisioning framework to confirm the implementation of our proposals. Both theoretical analysis and scenarios demonstration show that the proposed model and framework are effective in dynamic resource discovery and resource composition.

Abstract: An emerging modus operandi among providers of cloud infrastructures is the one where they share and combine their heterogenous resources to offer end user services tailored to specific scientific and business needs. A challenge to overcome is the discovery of suitable resources among these multiple providers, which all have different resource management policies. We present a novel architecture for distributed resource discovery. Our solution provides inter-operability among heterogeneous resource provider, handles dynamic resources status updates, and supports infrastructure abstraction policies through the use of semantic web technology. We show the applicability of this architecture within the EU-FP7 research project NOVI.

Abstract: This paper proposes a retrieval architecture based on clustering techniques to search the web for resources that are potentially useful for educational purposes. This architecture makes use of Formal Concept Analysis to search the web as a sort of learning object repository and returns a clustering of results based on pedagogical criteria that can help providing a rich environment for content authoring, enhancing the possibilities of traditional search based on metadata. The retrieval system is designed to be seamlessly embedded in virtual learning environments or authoring tools, and combines information retrieval technologies with pedagogical objectives to help organizing and sorting search results in a meaningful way for educational content authors as well as grounding an approach for semantic-aware learning content retrieval.

Abstract: URLs or universal resource locators are used to access resources which can be provided over a communications network such as the Internet. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) are compact strings of characters for identifying abstract or physical resources on network. A computer implemented method is disclosed including forming a hierarchically complete valid uniform resource locator link consisting of a domain name followed by server resource path segment containing syntactically complete e-mail address. The link is absent of query syntax elements.

Abstract: This document focuses on how best to relate Resource Description Framework (RDF)-described datasets to other related resources and objects (publications, geographies, organizations, people, etc.) in the Semantic Web. This includes a description of what would be needed to make these types of relationships most useful, including which RDF vocabularies should be used, potential link predicates, and possible data sources. RDF provides a good model for describing social science data because it supports formal semantics that provide a dependable basis for reasoning about the meaning of an RDF expression. In particular, it supports defined notions of entailment which provide a basis for defining reliable rules of inference in RDF data. Our findings are discussed in the context of social science data and more specifically, how to leverage existing metadata models to use alongside linked data. We provide a case for leveraging the Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) to enable semantic linking of social science data to other data and related resources on the Web. This document is organized into five use cases, which we consider in turn. Use cases include: linking related publications to data, linking data about people and organizations to research data, linking geography, linking to related studies, and linking data to licenses. We briefly discuss emerging or known issues surrounding the potential use of linked data within each of the defined use cases. Following these, we list more topics that could develop into additional use cases. Appendix A lists elements from the DDI-Codebook and DDI-Lifecycle specifications that are relevant to each use case.

Abstract: With the coming of 3G ages and the high-speed growth of Web resources,there is a trend of rapid development in mobile Internet,making resources accessesible and information obtainable conveniently by using mobile devices.However,in mobile Web search,these are very challenging tasks to geo-tag Web resources,integrated spatial data and Web data seamlessly,and provide valuable and high-relevant information to users.A framework of mobile Web search is proposed in this paper,and the key research techniques in mobile Web search are classified and surveyed according to this framework.Based on the comprehensive comparison and analysis of existing techniques,the suggestions for future research are put forward.