Abstract: This document defines a new protocol element, the Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI), as a complement of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). An IRI is a sequence of characters from the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646). A mapping from IRIs to URIs is defined, which means that IRIs can be used instead of URIs, where appropriate, to identify resources. The approach of defining a new protocol element was chosen instead of extending or changing the definition of URIs. This was done in order to allow a clear distinction and to avoid incompatibilities with existing software. Guidelines are provided for the use and deployment of IRIs in various protocols, formats, and software components that currently deal with URIs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and methodology to assist users with data access activities and that includes such activities as routine web browsing and/or data access applications. A coalesced display or montage of aggregated information is provided that is focused from a plurality of sources to achieve substantially one-button access to user's desired web or data source information/destinations in order to mitigate efforts in retrieving and viewing such information. Past web or other type data access patterns can be mined to predict future browsing sites or desired access locations. A system is provided that builds personalized web portals for associated users based on models mined from past data access patterns. The portals can provide links to web resources as well as embed content from distal (remote) pages or sites producing a montage of web or other type data content. Automated topic classification is employed to create multiple topic-centric views that can be invoked by a user.

Abstract: Peer devices register with a resource locator service so that the peer devices can be uniquely identified in a networking environment. An addressing scheme addresses a peer resource in the networking environment based on the unique identifier of a peer device that is a master publisher of the resource. Based on the addressing scheme, the resource locator service can track the location of the master publisher of the resource as well as additional locations of peer devices that have cached the resource and made it available. In various embodiments, the resource locator service can service requests for peer resources by providing a list of locations where the resource is expected to be available or, in the case of non-compatible requester, provide access to the resource itself.

Abstract: A service is provided to allow a user, such as an API or web service, Internet input, or software or hardware client to perform a search on any one or multiple Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and/or other protocol addresses accessible via a public or private network to establish a report in a summary and/or detailed format on the trustworthiness of the address.

Abstract: This invention disclosed a system and method for resource based virtual communities. Any resources that can be shared or used by multiple people, including Internet resources, software or other resources can be the basis for the community, whose members are users of the resource. Web resources include web sites, web pages news groups or discussion forums. Other types of resources include software products, bulletin boards, games or other products. The community composes of the current resource users such as web page readers, bulletin board posters, game players, software users. Whenever a person accesses or uses the resource, the user is automatically joined as part of the community. At the same time they are using the resource, they can access all services provided by the community, such as talking with other members, collaborating with others, publishing comments, or even adding new community services. A universal virtual community server is disclosed to support all virtual communities based on all resources in the world and all users in the Internet. There are 6 methods disclosed for individual users to connect to this resource based communities.

Abstract: The rapid pervasion of the web into users' daily lives has put much importance on capturing location-specific information on the web, due to the fact that most human activities occur locally around where a user is located. This is especially true in the increasingly popular mobile and local search environments. Thus, how to correctly and effectively detect geographic locations from web resources has become a key challenge to location-based web applications. In our previous work, we proposed to explicitly distinguish three types of locations for web resources, namely provider location, content location and serving location. Provider location is the physical location of the provider who owns the web resource; content location is the geographic location described in the web content; while serving location is the geographic scope that a web resource can reach. In this paper, we present a system that comprehensively employs a set of algorithms and different geographic sources by extracting geographic information from the web content, and mining hyperlink structures as well as user logs. As the result, only relevant geographic sources, rather than all of possible ones are used in computation of each category of web location. Finally, experimental results on large samples of web data show that our solution outperforms previous approaches.

Abstract: This article describes the Genetics Home Reference, the National Library of Medicine's searchable Web resource that provides reliable information about genetic conditions, genes, and chromosomes and their relationship to the health of individuals, families, or populations. This resource contains descriptions of hundreds of genes and genetic conditions, with new content being added regularly. Features of the resource will be described as well as the browse and search methods used to access the information.

Abstract: A method and system for identifying locations associated with a web resource is provided. The location system identifies three different types of geographic locations: a provider location, a content location, and a serving location. A provider location identifies the geographic location of the entity that provides the web resource. A content location identifies the geographic location that is the subject of the web resource. A serving location identifies the geographic scope that the web page reaches. An application can select to use the type of location that is of particular interest.

Abstract: A method, system, and article of manufacture for providing an authentication and authorization pipeline for use in a web server to grant access to web resources to users. The server creates an entry within an userID to roles database for each user who may access resources present on the web server and creates an entry within the roles to resource database for each resource that may be accessed on the web server. The server then authenticates the identify of each user accessing a resource on the web server using a userID, one or more authentication parameters, and a resource access request, creates a data object having an authenticated userID and one or more roles corresponding to the authenticated userID obtained from the userID to roles database, and authorizes access to a resource identified within the resource access request if one or more roles within the data object correspond to an access role corresponding to the roles listed within the roles to resource database for the identified resource.

Abstract: A robust, lightweight, bottom-up segmentation method for Internet content. According to the present invention, individual segments are created based upon weights assigned according to document structure and markup elements and semantics. Smaller segments are then merged into larger segments by determining which portions of the content page are related to each other. The remaining segments are then intelligently divided based upon device constraints.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide protection against web resources associated with one or more undesirable activities. In at least some embodiments, a method detects and responds to a user-initiated activity on a computing device. Responding can include, by way of example and not limitation, checking locally, on the computing device, whether a web resource that is associated with the user-initiated activity has been identified as being associated with a safe site. If the web resource is not associated with a safe site, the user will be notified and given the option to check remotely, away from the computing device, whether the web resource is identified as being at least possibly associated with one or more undesirable activities.

Abstract: The World Wide Web has been gaining popularity among university students and is altering the way university students conduct research. Nevertheless, little is known about how university students use Web resources. This study was designed to investigate the following questions: (i) how do students use Web resources (academic versus non‐academic); (ii) what are the students online search behaviours; (iii) what are the students’ perceptions of Web resources; (iv) do students evaluate information on the Web; (v) what types of training do students perceive they need to successfully utilize Web resources? The findings of this study show that there is an urgent need for students to develop information literacy skills and apply these skills in the electronic information environment. Pris dans la toile. L’usage des ressources en ligne chez les etudiants universitaires. La « toile » est devenue populaire chez les etudiants des universites et est en train de modifier la facon dont ils menent leurs recherches. On ne ...

Abstract: With tagging, the readers of a Web resource (typically a Web page or a photograph posted on a photo-posting site) can associate a word or phrase with that resource; the resource can then be found by searching for that tag. Tagging is catching on with early adopters. It is likely to go mainstream because it empowers readers, it is social and it has business benefits. As tagging becomes popular, it will face challenges, including increased ambiguity of tags and tag spam.

Abstract: Rapid pervasion of the web into users' daily lives has put much importance on capturing location-specific information on the web, due to the fact that most human activities occur locally around where a user is located. This is especially true in the increasingly popular mobile and local search environments. Thus, how to correctly and effectively detect locations from web resources has become a key challenge to location-based web applications. In this paper, we first explicitly distinguish the locations of web resources into three types to cater to different application needs: 1) provider location; 2) content location; and 3) serving location. Then we describe a unified system that computes each of the three locations, employing a set of algorithms and different geographic sources.

Abstract: Advance your career to the next level of professional practice with the guidance you'll find in the New Edition of this popular text. Here are all the concepts you need to progress from RN to BSN and beyond - from new and timely topics such as quantum physics and genomics and how they are influencing the delivery of care to domestic violence and the potential impact of bioterrorism.Carefully constructed interactive exercises in the book help master the theories that are changing nursing practice today...and help to apply them in the real world.Perfect for both classroom-based and online courses!This book includes: quantum physics theory and its relevance to nursing care; nanotechnology and genomics and how they affect nursing; the American Organization of Nurse Executives and magnet status; increased focus on data element sets and terminologies recognized by ANA and staffing issues related to safety; coverage of domestic violence issues; JCAHO initiatives; bioterrorism and population protection; and, more web-based learning activities. It focuses specifically on practicing nurses returning to school to advance their careers. It includes interactive exercises in the book and online. It adds a new chapter, Protecting the Populace, with expanded coverage on community health issues, including bioterrorism. It offers web resources to demonstrate how to access effectively the Internet for more information. It discusses delegation and how it relates to the management of unlicensed assistive personnel.This book encompasses all of the critical components of professional nursing practice, including effective communication, professional ethics, leadership, group theory, teaching/learning, and multicultural issues. It provides web links to important nursing and governmental web sites. It features web-based student learning activities for each chapter and a web-based Instructor's Guide.

Abstract: The number of Web-based information systems has been increasing since Internet became the global open network accessible for all. The recent semantic Web that provides supplementary meaningful information (meta-data) about Web resources facilitates automatic processing of machines and interoperability between different systems. In this paper, we focus on an integration of heterogeneous data sources in the semantic Web context using a semantic mediation approach based on ontology. We use the ontology description language OWL to formalize ontologies of different resources and to describe their relations and correspondences allowing the semantic interoperability between them. We propose an architecture adopting mediator-wrapper approach for a mediator based on OWL. Some illustrations of semantic mediation using OWL are also presented in the paper.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide protection against web resources associated with one or more undesirable activities. In at least some embodiments, a method detects and responds to a user-initiated activity on a computing device. Responding can include, by way of example and not limitation, checking locally, on the computing device, whether a web resource that is associated with the user-initiated activity has been identified as being associated with a safe site. Furthermore, in at least some embodiments, the method checks remotely, away from the computing device, whether the web resource is identified as being at least possibly associated with one or more undesirable activities.

Abstract: The importance of accessibility to digital e-learning resources is widely acknowledged. The W3C WAI has played a leading role in promoting the importance of accessibility and developing guidelines which can help when developing accessible Web resources. The accessibility of e-learning resources provides additional challenges. In this paper the authors describe a holistic framework for addressing e-learning accessibility which takes into account the usability of e-learning, pedagogic issues and student learning styles in addition to technical and resource issues and provide a case study which illustrates use of this holistic approach to e-learning.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for Web resource validation. Embodiments may provide a Web resource validation service for validating Web services and Web sites in general. Embodiments may be implemented internally in a Web entity's architecture and/or exposed externally as a Web service. In embodiments, a client configures a call to the Web service or Web site under test according to a Web resource validation service (WRVS) request schema that specifies validation requirements. The client then submits the WRVS request to the Web resource validation service. The Web resource validation service calls the Web service or Web site under test as specified in the WRVS request, and validates the response received from the Web service or Web site under test as specified in the WRVS request. Results of the validation are returned to the client formatted according to a WRVS response schema.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods, systems and computer-readable media for external localization of a software product. This external localization involves loading a base product having one or more calls to an operating system (or an API) to load language specific data. The calls are intercepted after the resource is loaded into a Resource loader, and queried whether the resource is identified in a restricted resource list such as a code signed dynamic linked library. If so, the translated resource is loaded from a specified language package. The loaded, and translated, resource is then checked against validation rules (which are also protected in a code signed resource list) to see if it is safe to use. If the resource is not on the list or the translated resource is not safe to use, the original resource is simply transferred to the application without modification from the resource loader, i.e., loaded from the base language file. This generates a localized product using a limited set of language specific data covering most situations and falls back to the base language automatically when no specific translated resource is available.

Abstract: The semantic Web and Web service technologies have provided both new possibilities and challenges to automatic information processing. There are a lot of researches on applying these new technologies into current personal Web information retrieval systems, but no research addresses the semantic issues from the whole life cycle and architecture point of view. Web services provide a new way for accessing Web resources, but until now, they have been managed separately from traditional Web contents resources. In this poster, we propose a conceptual architecture for a personal semantic Web information retrieval system. It incorporates semantic Web, Web services and multi-agent technologies to enable not only precise location of Web resources but also the automatic or semi-automatic integration of hybrid Web contents and Web services.

Abstract: In order to organise and manage geospatial and georeferenced information on the Web making them convenient for searching and browsing, a digital portal known as G-Portal has been designed and implemented. Compared to other digital libraries, G-Portal is unique for several of its features. It maintains metadata resources in XML with flexible resource schemas. Logical groupings of metadata resources as projects and layers are possible to allow the entire metadata collection to be partitioned differently for users with different information needs. These metadata resources can be displayed in both the classification-based and map-based interfaces provided by G-Portal. G-Portal further incorporates both a query module and an annotation module for users to search metadata and to create additional knowledge for sharing respectively. G-Portal also includes a resource classification module that categorizes resources into one or more hierarchical category trees based on user-defined classification schemas. This paper gives an overview of the G-Portal design and implementation. The portal features will be illustrated using a collection of high school geography examination-related resources.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus are described for resource identifier translation. In an implementation, a method includes in a network environment having at least two separate resource identifier (ID) zones, collecting translation information, from first and second information producers, which describes translation of a resource ID between first and second resource ID zones. The collected translation information is distributed to one or more consumers for translating a resource suitable for implementation in the first resource ID zone such that the translated resource is suitable for implementation in the second resource ID zone.

Abstract: Automated methods for resource annotation are a clear necessity, as the success of the semantic Web depends on the availability of Web resources with meta data conforming to known standards and ontologies. This paper describes the WebCAT framework for automatically generating RDF descriptions of Web pages. We present a general view of the system and the algorithms involved, giving an emphasis to typical issues in processing Web data.

Abstract: As institutions develop a variety of courses - credit and non-credit, physical and online - to meet the information literacy needs of their students, new challenges for leading and managing these programs arise. This essential guide, written by ACRL Instruction Section Publication Award Winners (Information Literacy Instruction: Theory and Practice) Esther Grassian and Joan Kaplowitz, takes a comprehensive look at the new needs of librarians and instructors charged with teaching information literacy. The chapters cover program leadership, management, politics, development, research, grants, marketing, and technology management. The authors provide detailed guidance for solving many common problems facing ILI managers - including organizational culture challenges; working with administrators, boards, and trustees; burnout; teaching portfolio development; mentoring; performance appraisal; branding; electronic classrooms; training staff; and more. The companion CD-ROM contains important real-life sample materials, including syllabi and successful grant proposals, as well as the full bibliography with links to Web resources. This valuable resource presents the skills and strategies today's academic librarians need to reach the next level of service and leadership.

Abstract: This document defines a new protocol element, the Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI), as a complement to the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). An IRI is a sequence of characters from the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646). A mapping from IRIs to URIs is defined, which means that IRIs can be used instead of URIs, where appropriate, to identify resources. The approach of defining a new protocol element was chosen instead of extending or changing the definition of URIs. This was done in order to allow a clear distinction and to avoid incompatibilities with existing software. Guidelines are provided for the use and deployment of IRIs in various protocols, formats, and software components that currently deal with URIs.

Abstract: A technique and mechanism for efficiently searching across multiple versions of a resource is provided. New operators are provided that take into account the versions of a particular resource. The query engine evaluates the new operators using either an index-based approach or a functional approach. Under an index-based implementation, a hierarchical index is traversed to find a particular resource (or resources) associated with a specified path and the version history identifier associated with the particular resource(s). A version history table containing references to all versions of the particular resource(s) are then obtained. Under the functional implementation, a link table, which contains all paths in a user's workspace, is examined to determine whether the version history identifier of a particular resource matches a version history identifier of a resource specified in the link table and whether the path to the resource in the link table is related to the path specified.

Abstract: This paper reports one part of a larger research project that designs and implements an ontology-based knowledge management system which makes knowledge assets intelligently accessible to Korean financial firms. The research develops an ontology model consisting of an information ontology, a competency ontology, a product ontology, and a knowledge map. This paper introduces the ontology model by illustrating the four components and reports on the implementation and evaluation of the information ontology for the searching of web resources. Based on the content analysis of eight international bank web sites, a pilot system of information ontology for web resources consisting of Publication, Project, Member, Person, and Organization was constructed. The pilot system includes databases and ontology-based search engines. To evaluate the pilot system, a comparative experiment was conducted in which the performance of an ontology-based system was compared with that of web search engines. The results indicate that the ontology-based system can be used not only to improve precision but also to reduce search time.