Abstract: Background: Health services data indicate that under present conditions evidence-based medical and preventive practices are not consistently implemented in clinical practice and affect the quality of care provided to patients. Operating with similar conditions and resources, it is unlikely that evidencebased behavioral medicine (EBBM) practices will be more successfully implemented.Purpose: In this article we propose ways to help improve the implementation of EBBM practice.Methods: This article describes the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework that is available on a free-use Web site (http://www. re-aim.org), which offers practical research translation tools, resources, and support for program planners, community leaders, and researchers. The material located at www.re-aim.org can be used to help anticipate and overcome likely barriers to dissemination and to estimate eventual public health impact.Results: Data on Web site utilization and lessons learned thus far in its implementation are presented.Conclusions: Scientists and public health leaders should devote greater attention to reporting practice-oriented issues such as generalizability, breadth of application, and pragmatic and setting or contextual issues in addition to the current focus on internal validity issues. We hope that this and similar efforts will assist EBBM interventions to have broader applications, be consistently implemented, and be sustained.

Abstract: This paper describes one solution to the problem of how to select sequence, and link Web resources into a coherent, focused organization for instruction that addresses a user's immediate and focused learning need. A system is described that automatically generates individualized learning paths from a repository of XML Web resources. Each Web resource has an XML Learning Object Metadata (LOM) description consisting of General, Educational, and Classification metadata. Dynamic assembly of these learning objects is based on the relative match of the learning object content and metadata to the learner's needs, preferences, context, and constraints. Learning objects are connected into coherent paths based on their LOM topic classifications and the proximity of these topics in a Resource Description Framework (RDF) graph. An instructional sequencing policy specifies how to arrange the objects on the path into a particular learning sequence. The system has been deployed and evaluated within a corporate setting.

Abstract: The importance of accessibility to digital resources is now widely acknowledged. The W3C WAI has played a significant role in promoting the importance of accessibility and developing a framework for accessible Web resources. The accessibility of e-learning provides additional challenges that may not be faced when providing access to other Web resources. The authors argue that there is a need for a more sophisticated model for addressing e-learning accessibility which takes into account the usability of e-learning, pedagogic issues and student learning styles in addition to technical and resource issues. The authors expand on these issues and propose a holistic model for the development of accessible e-learning resources.

Abstract: Hospital websites are becoming an industry standard as patients (consumers) and health professionals use web resources for information, research, and communication. Industry predictions focused on future e-hospitals that would integrate all stakeholders in a seamless network allowing data to be shared. This paper investigates web assurance strategies implemented by hospitals in the design of their websites. The protection of critical infrastructure and information is crucial to the success of the web assurance strategy. The study reviewed a sample of 100 premier hospital websites. Results show little progress in the goal of making the website a fully functional unit of the hospital. Current sites are limited in scope and have become more selective in their provision of information in light of new HIPAA regulations.

Abstract: This article describes a research project to determine the uniqueness of Internet subject guides among Association of Research Libraries academic libraries. The authors examined guides in four subject areas (philosophy, journalism/communication, astronomy, and chemistry) at the Web sites of 112 libraries, collecting data on the number of links per guide, the arrangement of resources, the information included about the resources, the kinds of resources included, and the number of nonworking links. As a result of the examination of these guides, a number of questions emerged, which led to the creating of a survey mailed to the heads of reference services in each of the libraries. The authors discuss the results of their examinations and of the survey and make recommendations for further research. ********** Go to just about any academic library Web site and you will usually find a collection of electronic research guides for subjects represented in the parent institution's curriculum. Librarians have reinvented this particular wheel over and over again, creating specialized guides for their users when guides already exist for the same subject areas on many other library Web sites. In addition, a plethora of Internet resource guides are available from a wide variety of other authoritative sources. They appear regularly in College & Research Libraries News, Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, and Journal of Library Administration. As early as 1995, Louis Rosenfeld, founder of the Clearinghouse for Subject-Oriented Internet Resource Guides at the University of Michigan, edited a monographic series covering the areas of health and science, humanities, social sciences, business, and law. (1) There are also numerous Web sites devoted to the "best of the Web" in given subject areas. Notable examples include Digital Librarian: A Librarian's Choice of the Best of the Web and Chemistry 2000: Two Thousand of the Best Chemistry Sites. (2) There are Web resources for professionals and Web resources for the general public. Specialized subject areas are typically represented by at least one meta site, and often there are three to four meta sites from which to choose (see guides by Huber, Kraus, and Banholzer). (3) With all these options available, it is difficult to understand why so many individual libraries maintain Web resource guides for their patrons. In their research on Internet subject guides, Morris and Grimes quote one librarian who probably speaks for many in justifying the creation of these guides at each institution: "Our Web pages tend to be local in focus, promoting good materials in our library." (4) Librarians are not only trying to create some order out of the chaos of the Internet, but they profess to creating unique guides specific to their particular users and their needs. As department heads who supervise faculty librarians involved in creating and updating these guides, the authors, concerned about the major time commitments involved, decided to find out just how unique these guides really are. In the process of answering this question, they learned much more about the production of and access to these resources. Literature Review A search of the library literature turns up no research on the uniqueness of Internet subject guides, and only a handful of articles that focus on electronic resource guides in general. For example, Kapoun does an excellent job of describing traditional print pathfinders, providing guidelines for their construction and recommending a set of "universal pathfinder format guidelines." He stops short of recommendations for electronic pathfinders. (5) A similar article by Morville and Wickhorst takes librarians step by step through the process of identifying relevant sites for electronic guides, reviewing them for inclusion, creating a description for each site, selecting an organizational scheme, and designing and formatting the guide; they then outline publicity, feedback, and maintenance issues. …

Abstract: A Resource Space Grid is a virtual Grid that aims at effectively sharing, using and managing versatile resources across the Internet. The kernel of the Resource Space Grid includes a Resource Space Model (RSM) and a uniform Resource Using Mechanism (RUM). This paper presents the Resource Space Grid's core scientific issues and methodology, architecture, model and theory, design criteria and method, and practice. A normal form theory is proposed to normalize the resource space—a coordinate system for uniformly specifying and organizing resources. The RUM provides not only the end-users with an operable resource browser to operate resources using the built-in Resource Operation Language (ROL), but also the application developers with the ROL-based programming environment. The prototype platform based on the proposed model and method has been implemented and used for sharing and managing resources in distributed research teams. Operations on Resource Spaces can constitute the virtual communities of Resource Space Grids—a platform independent resource sharing environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract: Uniform resource locators (URLs), which mark the address of a resource on the World Wide Web, are often human-readable and can hint at the category of the resource. This paper explores the use of URLs for web page categorization via a two-phase pipeline of word segmentation/expansion and classification. We quantify its performance against document-based methods, which require the retrieval of the source document.

Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze and bound the utility of various structured and unstructured resources in Question Answering, independent of a specific system or component. We quantify the degree to which gazetteers, web resources, encyclopedia, web documents and web-based query expansion can help Question Answering in general and specific question types in particular. Depending on which resources are used, the QA task may shift from complex answer-finding mechanisms to simpler data extraction methods followed by answer re-mapping in local documents.

Abstract: In this paper we present a methodology to extract information from the Web to build a taxonomy of terms and Web resources for a given domain. This taxonomy represents a hierarchy of classes and gives to the user a general view of the kind of concepts and the most significant sites that he can find on the Web for the specified domain. The system uses intensively a publicly available search engine, extracts concepts (based on its relation to the initial one and statistical data about appearance), selects and categorizes the most representative Web resources of each one and represents the result in a standard way.

Abstract: As web service technology matures there is growing interest in exploiting workflow techniques to coordinate web services. Bioinformaticians are a user community who combine web resources to perform in silico experiments. These users are scientists and not information technology experts they require workflow solutions that have a low cost of entry for service users and providers. Problems satisfying these requirements with current techniques led to the development of the Simple conceptual unified flow language (Scufl). Scufl is supported by the Freefluo enactment engine [1], and the Taverna editing workbench [3]. The extensibility of Scufl, supported by these tools, means that workflows coordinating web services can be matched to how users view their problems. The Taverna workbench exploits the web to keep Scufl simple by retrieving detail from URIs when required, and by scavenging the web for services. Scufl and its tools are not bioinformatics specific. They can be exploited by other communities who require user-driven composition and execution of workflows coordinating web resources.

Abstract: 1. Why Is Online Journalism Different? 2. The Job of the Online Journalist. 3. Generating and Focusing Story Ideas. 4. Web Resources and Databases. 5. Sources and Interviewing. 6. Online Writing Styles. 7. Hooking and Keeping Readers. 8. Revving Up Your Writing. 9. The Last Minute(s). 10. An Uphill Battle: Online Copy Editing. 11. The Online Editor/Utility Infielder. 12. Multimedia for News. 13. Basic Online Layout. 14. Online Standards vs. Journalistic Standards. 15. Legal Issues Online and Offline. 16. Ethics in Cyber-Land. 17. The 21st Century Journalist.

Abstract: We describe I-Guides, an information technology research project in progress at the Exploratorium, a hands-on museum of science, art, and human perception. Building upon the findings from the Electronic Guidebook Project [Hsi, 2003], various configurations of RFID technologies, handheld computers, and network-based applications are being developed to support nomadic inquiry and extend the museum experience for two different audiences: museum visitors and museum educators. For museum visitors, this project is exploring ways to enable visitors to intentionally capture their museum experiences for later reflection and investigation of personally relevant science ideas via the Web. For museum educators, this project is designing a wireless handheld Web resource and digital library infrastructure to support educators in making effective uses of exhibits and exhibit-based content for inquiry-based teaching. An overview of research as well as planned design studies, working prototypes, and evaluation activities are described.

Abstract: Web browsing is often a collaborative activity. Users involved in a joint information gathering exercise will wish to share knowledge about the web pages visited and the contents found. Magpie is a suite of tools supporting the interpretation of web pages and semantically enriched web browsing. By automatically associating an ontology-based semantic layer to web resources, Magpie allows relevant services to be invoked as well as remotely triggered within a standard web browser. In this paper we describe how Magpie trigger services can provide semantic support to collaborative browsing activities.

Abstract: A method for dynamically determining web resource to be loaded and saving space is provided which determines whether to download a network resource according to a current network bandwidth and available memory space. When a user uses an embedded device in a wireless network environment to download a web-page, the browser only downloads a small part of the network resource to present, and if the user desires to download all network resources, he or she can select to download all network resources, so as to save the download time.

Abstract: Ontologies and Semantic Web Services are the two core technologies of the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web hinges on the ability of computer programs to perform some task involving the autonomous resolution of semantic issues. This ability requires providing standard access for software to ontologies. Moreover, for the Semantic Web to gain widespread acceptance, it needs to reach a critical mass of applications that can interact. This last point requires providing standard access to functionalities for manipulating ontologies. Therefore, it is relevant to bring ontologies and Web Services together by providing access to ontologies through Semantic Web Services. We analyse different kinds of ontology-manipulation functionalities that could be implemented as ontology Web Services (OWS). We then propose an architecture allowing programs to insert calls to ontology Web Services into the more general framework of Web Services. We show that this architecture is a necessary complement to OWL-S for Semantic Web applications to perform dynamic discovery and invocation of Web Services, thus addressing a key requirement of the Semantic Web. We then demonstrate the scalability of our architecture as it allows the composition of (ontology) Web Services for performing complex tasks. 1 Web Service Access to Ontologies Ontologies and Semantic Web Services are arguably the two core technologies of the Semantic Web. Ontologies provide the backbone of the Semantic Web, defining the semantics of the data and Web resources. Web Services enable programs to call functions provided by a remote server. The structure of the parameters and of the result of the function are represented in an explicit way so that the service can be invoked by any client. Web Services, albeit not yet Semantic Web Services, have become important components of business applications. Currently however, most examples of Web Services (and in fact Semantic Web Services) operate on data that conforms to some schema or ontology. At the same time, ontologies themselves are first-class objects on the Semantic Web. Therefore, we believe that any infrastructure for Semantic Web Services will be incomplete without components to access and manipulate ontologies themselves through Web Services. Such access and manipulation include query of ontology

Abstract: Distance education utilizing online courses has emerged as an area of program development for many teacher education programs. Online course learning management systems, such as Blackboard.com, have made putting a course online a relatively simple task; however, in many cases, the online course is little more than a correspondence course with a discussion forum and web resource links. Because individual instructors are developing these courses using the structure of the web-based learning management programs as their pedagogical guidance, instructional design assistance is needed. Online courses must be developed using an analysis of input factors such as learner characteristics, instructional intent, and nature of the content so informed instructional design decisions can be made that result in quality courses.

Abstract: In order to secure interoperability and allow autonomous agent interaction, software for the web will be required to provide machine processable ontologies. Traditional deliverables of the software development process are the code, technical documentation, to support development and maintenance and use documentation, to provide user support. In the case of web applications, ontologies will also be part of the deliverables. Ontologies will allow machines to process and integrate Web resources intelligently, enable quick and accurate web search, and facilitate communication between a multitude of heterogeneous web-accessible agents [1]. We understand that the responsibility, not only for making explicit this requirement, but also to implement the ontology, belongs to software engineers. Currently the development of ontologies is more of a craft then a systematic discipline. We are proposing a process for the systematic construction of ontologies, centered on the concept of application languages. This concept is rooted on a representation scheme called the language extended lexicon (LEL). We demonstrate our approach using an example in which we implement a machine processable ontology for a meeting scheduler using the ontology language DAML+OIL.

Abstract: This paper presents findings of a survey on the state of cataloging arm metadata education in ALA-accredited library and itemization science programs in North America. The survey was conducted in response to Action Item 5.1 of the "Bibliographic Control of Web Resources: A Library of Congress Action Plan," which focuses on providing metadata education to new LIS professionals. (1) The study found LIS programs increased their reliance on introductory courses to cover cataloging and metadata, but fewer programs than before had a cataloging course requirement. The knowledge of cataloging delivered in introductory courses was basic, and the coverage of metadata was limited to an overview. Cataloging courses showed similarity in coverage and practice and focused on print materials. Few cataloging educators provided exercises in metadata record creation using non-AACR standards. Advanced cataloging courses provided in-depth coverage of subject cataloging and the cataloging of nonbook resources, but offered very limited coverage of metadata. Few programs offered full courses on metadata, and even fewer offered advanced metadata courses. Metadata topics" were well integrated into LIS curricula, but coverage of metadata courses varied from program to program, depending on the interests of instructors. Educators were forward-looking and agreed on the inclusion of specific knowledge and skills" in metadata instruction. A series, of actions were proposed to assist educators in providing students with competencies in cataloging and metadata. ********** Organization of information in the twenty-first century has become more urgent and challenging because of the rapid increase of information on the Web, a strong interest in digital resources, and the emergence of new formats. The field has also become more competitive because many nonlibrary information professionals mad other professionals who used to be end users are getting involved in information organization, and many of them use metadata schemas developed for a specific domain or discipline. In addition, machines have played greater roles in organizing information in the networked environment. For instance, the Open Archive Initiative's Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is designed to harvest metadata from various sources and enable users to search distributed repositories through one single interface. (2) In the digital era, the options for information organization have expanded, and competencies in cataloging and metadata have become critical for library information professionals to be effective and competitive. Catalogers probably experience the challenges of the digital age more directly than other library professionals do. The trend in integrating Web resources into collections means catalogers need to master the cataloging of digital and integrating resources. They also need to learn more about nonlibrary-based metadata schemas because many individuals and corporate bodies are interested in using such schemas to bring their resources onto the Web. As a result of such interests, more and more catalogers find themselves involved in digital projects. Furthermore, new developments in metadata have resulted in more interaction between online catalogs and other metadata repositories. (3) Libraries have integrated data from a variety of resources for users, and knowledge of metadata integration and management has become more important than ever. (4) It is against this background that the Library of Congress held the Bicentennial Conference on Bibliographic Control for the New Millennium in November 2000. The intent was to investigate options and tools for controlling electronic and digital resources. Many action items emerged from the conference. Action Item 5.1 is concerned with providing students with core competencies in technical services and management skills, and with producing creative and resourceful catalogers. Library information professionals' competencies in metadata is an area of particular concern, and the action item sets out to promote "the understanding and use of metadata standards for describing and managing electronic and digital resources, with the goal of enabling greater participation of new LIS professionals in the development and refinement of metadata standards used both within and outside libraries. …

Abstract: This paper evaluates the quality of two major types of Web resources for K-12 education–information for research, and interactive applications for teaching and learning. It discusses an evaluation on the quality of 1,025 pieces of Web information (articles, research reports, news, and statistics) and 900 Web applications (tutorials, drills, games, and tests) used by K-12 teachers and students over a six-year period from 1998 to 2004. Findings suggest that (a) quality differs among information from different Web domains (.com, .org, .edu, and .gov); (b) quality differs among applications by different designers (professional designers, college students, K-12 teachers, and university professors); and (c) the quality of a Web-based learning application influences a student's using and learning with it. Challenges and potentials of using the two types of Web resources to improve learning are discussed. A design-quality model is developed and tested.

Abstract: A system and method that locates and utilizes JavaScript national language resource files. A national language processing system for providing national language specific resources to be displayed in the Web page, including: a Web resource manager for providing a location of a JavaScript national language resource, wherein the Web resource manager includes a hash table for storing and querying previously located JavaScript national language resources; and a system for issuing an http request to a server to locate the JavaScript national language resource if the location of the JavaScript national language resource does not exist in the hash table.

Abstract: The World Wide Web offers an increasing amount of complex and rich educational Web resources that are available for free in various domains. Unfortunately, it is difficult today to have a Web agent that answers precisely a simple query. Semantic Web aims to make Web resources meaningful to automated agents. Ontologies are proposed to provide a formal representation of a shared and common conceptualization of a specific domain. For the description of educational resources several communities are working on the definition of metadata elements. The Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC) specifies the Learning Object Metadata (LOM), a set of elements describing the relevant characteristics for learning resources. The goal of this paper is to give a formal and more comprehensive content description of learning resources in order to allow better reusability and retrievals. This description is particularly focused on the semantic relationships between learning resources which constitute an important aspect to access information. It uses OWL, an ontology language for the semantic Web, recently developed by the W3C. OWL provides powerful expressiveness combined with desirable computational properties for reasoning systems due to its correspondence with description logics. The query of the corresponding knowledge base is illustrated using OWL Query Language OWL-QL.

Abstract: A metadata database lookup system provides a database is that contains a cross-reference of metadata information to a service provider ID number (403) or universal resource identifier (URI). A service provider ID number (403) is keyed to metadata information about a specific resource from a service provider. The metadata information can contain a description of the resource (404), the universal resource locator (URL) for the resource, and any other pertinent information that may be associated with the resource (404). The invention uses a constant ID number for a service provider (402) and its resource. A resource requestor (405) uses the ID number for the desired service provider resource. The ID number is cross referenced with the proper metadata information for the resource and the resource requestor (405) uses the metadata information as needed and accesses the resource using the URL in the metadata. The resource requestor (405) is unaffected by updates to a resource's description or address by the service provider (402). The database tracks the metadata and URIs for resources for a specific service provider or resources for multiple service providers.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a unique system and method that facilitates mitigating the number of versions of a coded application needed to accommodate different spoken languages. The invention involves generating resource tables including resource identifier-resource type pairs. Examples of resource types include strings, bitmaps, icons, menus, and the like. For instance, instead of coding the application with strings, the application is coded with resource identifiers. The strings corresponding to the resource identifiers can be extracted from a resource table and in particular, from a resource file. Before searching through resource files and subdirectories, a cache can be searched to determine whether the resource identifier-string was previously requested. Resource identifiers can be parsed and the relevant information taken therefrom to locate the corresponding strings. If not already in the cache, the resource identifier-string pairs can be cached in a hash table or other database.

Abstract: Conventional tools for automatic metadata creation mostly extract named entities or text segments from texts and annotate them with information about persons, locations, dates, and so on. However, this kind of entity type information is often insufficient for machines to understand the facts contained in the texts, thus precluding the possibility of implementing more advanced, intelligent applications, such as concept-based search. In this work, we try to create more refined thematic metadata inherent in texts. Based on Web resource mining, our approach acquires training corpora necessary to describe both the thematic categories and the metadata extracted from the texts. The approach then finds the corresponding relationships among them by means of categorization and thus generates thematic metadata for the textual data. Experimental results confirm the potential and wide adaptability of our approach.

Abstract: Recently the Library of Congress began developing a strategy for the preservation of digital content. Efforts have focused on the need to select, harvest, describe, access and preserve Web resources. This poster focuses on the Library's initial investigation and evaluation of Web harvesting software tools.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing information technology (IT) resources can include at least one resource definition. The resource definition specifies a location and identity of a corresponding resource, and methods that can be performed on the resource. An instance of the resource that includes information from the at least one resource definition is stored. A package is generated based on at least one execution unit (EU), workflow associated with the EU, and the resource definition, wherein the package causes the resource to perform at least one of the methods.

Abstract: The vision of the Semantic Web is to reduce manual discovery and usage of Web resources (documents and services) and to allow software agents to automatically identify these Web resources, integrate them and execute them for achieving the intended goals of the user. Such a composed Web service may be represented as a workflow, called service flow. Current Web service standards are not sufficient for automatic composition. This paper presents different types of compositional knowledge required for Web service discovery and composition. As a proof of concept, we have implemented our framework in a cardiovascular domain which requires advanced service discovery and composition across heterogeneous platforms of multiple organizations.