Abstract: Since their introduction in 2012, Local Climate Zones (LCZs) emerged as a new standard for characterising urban landscapes, providing a holistic classification approach that takes into account micro-scale land-cover and associated physical properties. In 2015, as part of the community-based World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) project, a protocol was developed that enables the mapping of cities into LCZs, using freely available data and software packages, yet performed on local computing facilities. The ‘LCZ Generator’ described here further simplifies this process, providing an online platform that maps a city of interest into LCZs, solely expecting a valid training area file and some metadata as input. The web application (available at https://lcz-generator.rub.de) integrates the state-of-the-art of LCZ mapping, and simultaneously provides an automated accuracy assessment, training data derivatives and a novel approach to identify suspicious training areas. As this contribution explains all front- and back-end procedures, databases, and underlying datasets in detail, it serves as the primary ‘User Guide’ for this web application. We anticipate this development will significantly ease the workflow of researchers and practitioners interested in using the LCZ framework for a variety of urban-induced human and environmental impacts. In addition, this development will ease the accessibility and dissemination of maps and their metadata.

Abstract: Digital Twin technology has recently gathered pace in the engineering communities as it allows for the convergence of the real structure and its digital counterpart throughout their entire life-cycle. With the rapid development of supporting technologies, including machine learning, 5G/6G, cloud computing, and Internet of Things, Digital Twin has been moving progressively from concept to practice. In this paper, a Digital Twin framework based on cloud computing and deep learning for structural health monitoring is proposed to efficiently perform real-time monitoring and proactive maintenance. The framework consists of structural components, device measurements, and digital models formed by combining different sub-models including mathematical, finite element, and machine learning ones. The data interaction among physical structure, digital model, and human interventions are enhanced by using cloud computing infrastructure and a user-friendly web application. The feasibility of the proposed framework is demonstrated via case studies of damage detection of model bridge and real bridge structures using deep learning algorithms, with high accuracy of 92%.

Abstract: Businesses are increasingly deploying their services on the web, in the form of web applications, SOAP services, message-based services, and, more recently, REST services. Although the movement towards REST is widely recognized, there is not much concrete information regarding the technical features being used in the field, such as typical data formats, how HTTP verbs are being used, or typical URI structures, just to name a few. In this paper, we go through the Alexa.com top 4000 most popular sites to identify precisely 500 websites claiming to provide a REST web service API. We analyze these 500 APIs for key technical features, degree of compliance with REST architectural principles (e.g., resource addressability), and for adherence to best practices (e.g., API versioning). We observed several trends (e.g., widespread JSON support, software-generated documentation), but, at the same time, high diversity in services, including differences in adherence to best practices, with only 0.8 percent of services strictly complying with all REST principles. Our results can help practitioners evolve guidelines and standards for designing higher quality services and also understand deficiencies in currently deployed services. Researchers may also benefit from the identification of key research areas, contributing to the deployment of more reliable services.

Abstract: SuperPlotsOfData is a web tool for the transparent display and quantitative comparison of continuous data from different conditions. It offers easy and open access to state-of-the-art data visualiz...

Abstract: Jupyter Notebooks have transformed the communication of data analysis pipelines by facilitating a modular structure that brings together code, markdown text, and interactive visualizations. Here, we extended Jupyter Notebooks to broaden their accessibility with Appyters. Appyters turn Jupyter Notebooks into fully functional standalone web-based bioinformatics applications. Appyters present to users an entry form enabling them to upload their data and set various parameters for a multitude of data analysis workflows. Once the form is filled, the Appyter executes the corresponding notebook in the cloud, producing the output without requiring the user to interact directly with the code. Appyters were used to create many bioinformatics web-based reusable workflows, including applications to build customized machine learning pipelines, analyze omics data, and produce publishable figures. These Appyters are served in the Appyters Catalog at https://appyters.maayanlab.cloud. In summary, Appyters enable the rapid development of interactive web-based bioinformatics applications.

Abstract: As a crucial part of cyber-physical systems, a digital twin can process data, visualize processes and send commands to the control system, which can be used for the research on thermal power plants that are vital for providing energy for manufacturing and industry, and also daily consumptions. This paper introduces the methodologies and techniques towards a web-based digital twin thermal power plant. To implement a web-based digital twin thermal power plant, the architecture, modeling, control algorithm, rule model and physical-digital twin control are explored. The potential functionalities of the web-based digital twin including real-time monitoring, visualization and interactions, and provided services for physical thermal plants and universities are also presented. A case study has been provided to illustrate the web-based digital twin power plant. The research in this paper can provide potential solutions for web-based digital twin research and education.

Abstract: Chatbots are programs that supply services to users via conversation in natural language, acting as virtual assistants within social networks or web applications. Here, we review the most representative chatbot development tools with a focus on technical and managerial aspects.

Abstract: With the ever-increasing prosperity of web Application Programming Interface (API) sharing platforms, it is becoming an economic and efficient way for software developers to design their interested mashups through web API re-use. Generally, a software developer can browse, evaluate, and select his or her preferred web APIs from the API's sharing platforms to create various mashups with rich functionality. The big volume of candidate APIs places a heavy burden on software developers’ API selection decisions. This, in turn, calls for the support of intelligent API recommender systems. However, existing API recommender systems often face two challenges. First, they focus more on the functional accuracy of APIs while neglecting the APIs’ actual compatibility. This then creates incompatible mashups. Second, they often require software developers to input a set of keywords that can accurately describe the expected functions of the mashup to be developed. This second challenge tests partial developers who have little background knowledge in the fields. To tackle the above-mentioned challenges, in this article we propose a compatibility-aware and text description-driven web API recommendation approach (named WARtext). WARtext guarantees the compatibility among the recommended APIs by utilizing the APIs’ composition records produced by historical mashup creations. Besides, WARtext entitles a software developer to type a simple text document that describes the expected mashup functions as input. Then through textual description mining, WARtext can precisely capture the developers’ functional requirements and then return a set of APIs with the highest compatibility. Finally, through a real-world mashup dataset ProgrammableWeb, we validate the feasibility of our novel approach.

Abstract: Multi-omics experimental approaches are becoming common practice in biological and medical sciences underlining the need to design new integrative techniques and applications to enable the multi-scale characterization of biological systems. The integrative analysis of heterogeneous datasets generally allows to acquire additional insights and generate novel hypotheses about a given biological system. However, it can become challenging given the often-large size of omics datasets and the diversity of existing techniques. Moreover, visualization tools for interpretation are usually non-accessible to biologists without programming skills. Here, we present MiBiOmics, a web-based and standalone application that facilitates multi-omics data visualization, exploration, integration, and analysis by providing easy access to dedicated and interactive protocols. It implements classical ordination techniques and the inference of omics-based (multilayer) networks to mine complex biological systems, and identify robust biomarkers linked to specific contextual parameters or biological states. MiBiOmics provides easy-access to exploratory ordination techniques and to a network-based approach for integrative multi-omics analyses through an intuitive and interactive interface. MiBiOmics is currently available as a Shiny app at https://shiny-bird.univ-nantes.fr/app/Mibiomics and as a standalone application at https://gitlab.univ-nantes.fr/combi-ls2n/mibiomics .

Abstract: WebMO is a web‐based interface for all major quantum chemistry programs. WebMO uses a server–client architecture that installs on a single server or cluster computer and provides access to state‐of‐the‐art computational chemistry programs from a standard web browser. The web interface provides a 3‐D molecular editor, pre‐defined calculations types, job submission and monitoring, visualization of results, and user management tools. Barriers to using state‐of‐the‐art computational chemistry in teaching and research are minimized through WebMO's universal accessibility, its intuitive and uniform interface to all programs, no software to install on client computers, and support for multiple users with a single instance. Applications of WebMO throughout the undergraduate curriculum are provided. The extensible open‐architecture design allows for collaboration among educators, researchers, quantum chemistry program developers, and the WebMO interface developers.

Abstract: Well-curated datasets are essential to evidence based decision making and to the integration of artificial intelligence with human reasoning across disciplines. However, many sources of data remain siloed, unstructured, and/or unavailable for complementary and secondary research. Sysrev was developed to address these issues. First, Sysrev was built to aid in systematic evidence reviews (SER), where digital documents are evaluated according to a well defined process, and where Sysrev provides an easy to access, publicly available and free platform for collaborating in SER projects. Secondly, Sysrev addresses the issue of unstructured, siloed, and inaccessible data in the context of generalized data extraction, where human and machine learning algorithms are combined to extract insights and evidence for better decision making across disciplines. Sysrev uses FAIR - Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets - as primary principles in design. Sysrev was developed primarily because of an observed need to reduce redundancy, reduce inefficient use of human time and increase the impact of evidence based decision making. This publication is an introduction to Sysrev as a novel technology, with an overview of the features, motivations and use cases of the tool. Methods Sysrev.com is a FAIR motivated web platform for data curation and SER. Sysrev allows users to create data curation projects called “sysrevs” wherein users upload documents, define review tasks, recruit reviewers, perform review tasks, and automate review tasks. Conclusion Sysrev is a web application designed to facilitate data curation and SERs. Thousands of publicly accessible Sysrev projects have been created, accommodating research in a wide variety of disciplines. Described use cases include data curation, managed reviews, and SERs.

Abstract: Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) refers to fitting structural equation models (SEMs) (such as path models or factor models) to meta-analytic data. Currently, fitting MASEMs may be challenging for researchers that are not accustomed to working with R software and packages. Therefore, we developed webMASEM; a web application for MASEM. This app implements the one-stage MASEM approach, and allows users to apply MASEM in a user-friendly way. The aim of this article is to provide a tutorial on one-stage MASEM and a practical guide to webMASEM. We will pay specific attention to how the data should be structured and prepared for webMASEM, because mistakes in this step may lead to faulty results without receiving an error message. The use of webMASEM is illustrated with an analysis of a meta-analytic path model in which the path coefficients are moderated by a study-level variable, a meta-analytic factor model in which the factor loadings are moderated by a study-level variable, and a meta-analytic panel model in which the effects are moderated by a study-level variable. All used datafiles and R scripts are available online.

Abstract: Well-curated datasets are essential to evidence based decision making and to the integration of artificial intelligence with human reasoning across disciplines. However, many sources of data remain siloed, unstructured, and/or unavailable for complementary and secondary research. Sysrev was developed to address these issues. First, Sysrev was built to aid in systematic evidence reviews (SER), where digital documents are evaluated according to a well defined process, and where Sysrev provides an easy to access, publicly available and free platform for collaborating in SER projects. Secondly, Sysrev addresses the issue of unstructured, siloed, and inaccessible data in the context of generalized data extraction, where human and machine learning algorithms are combined to extract insights and evidence for better decision making across disciplines. Sysrev uses FAIR - Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets - as primary principles in design. Sysrev was developed primarily because of an observed need to reduce redundancy, reduce inefficient use of human time and increase the impact of evidence based decision making. This publication is an introduction to Sysrev as a novel technology, with an overview of the features, motivations and use cases of the tool. Methods: Sysrev. com is a FAIR motivated web platform for data curation and SER. Sysrev allows users to create data curation projects called "sysrevs" wherein users upload documents, define review tasks, recruit reviewers, perform review tasks, and automate review tasks. Conclusion: Sysrev is a web application designed to facilitate data curation and SERs. Thousands of publicly accessible Sysrev projects have been created, accommodating research in a wide variety of disciplines. Described use cases include data curation, managed reviews, and SERs.

Abstract: There are currently several obstacles in the assessment using conventional media, including excessive use of paper, which causes environmental damage, and increases in school fees to conduct an assessment. In addition, it is less effective in conducting assessments because it takes a long time to assess the results of student answers manually. . Conventional media allows fraud and results in a lack of confidence in the assessment results. This study aims to analyze user responses using web-based assessment as a character assessment medium. The population of this study amounted to 91 students. This study uses a mixed-method explanatory method with descriptive analysis and qualitative methods. The results of the study show that the user response obtained an average value of 3.52, which includes the SB category (excellent) because the use of the website can save time, display real-time data, and is very easy to use anywhere, so with a good response from users make this web-based assessment suitable for use in student character assessment. This research implies that teachers can use web-based assessment in conducting assessments.

Abstract: The web and its recent advancements represent a great opportunity to build universal, rich, multi-user and immersive Web3D/WebXR applications targeting Cultural Heritage field—including 3D presenters, inspection tools, applied VR games, collaborative teaching tools and much more. Such opportunity although, introduces additional challenges besides common issues and limitations typically encountered in this context. The “ideal” Web3D application should be able to reach every device, automatically adapting its interface, rendering and interaction models—resulting in a single, liquid product that can be consumed on mobile devices, PCs, Museum kiosks and immersive AR/VR devices, without any installation required for final users. The open-source ATON framework is the result of research and development activities carried out during the last 5 years through national and international projects: it is designed around modern and robust web standards, open specifications and large open-source ecosystems. This paper describes the framework architecture and its components, assessed and validated through different case studies. ATON offers institutions, researchers, professionals a scalable, flexible and modular solution to craft and deploy liquid web-applications, providing novel and advanced features targeting Cultural Heritage field in terms of 3D presentation, annotation, immersive interaction and real-time collaboration.

Abstract: One of the prominent applications of Internet of Things (IoT) in this digital era is the development of smart cities. In IoT based smart cities, the smart objects (devices) are connected with each other via internet as a backbone. The sensed data by the smart objects are transmitted to the sink for further processing using multi hop communication. The smart cities use the analyzed data to improve their infrastructure, public utilities and they enhance their services by using the IoT technology for the betterment of livelihood of the common people. For IoT based smart cities, waste collection is a prominent issue for municipalities that aim to achieve a clean environment. With a boom in population in urban areas, an increasing amount of waste is generated. A major issue of waste management system is the poor process used in waste collection and segregation. Public bins begin to overflow for a long period before the process of cleaning starts, which is resulting in an accumulation of bacteria causing bad odors and spreading of diseases. In order to overcome this issue, in this paper an IoT based smart predication and monitoring of waste disposal system is proposed which utilizes off-the-shelf components that can be mounted to a bin of any size and measure fill levels. An Arduino microcontroller is employed in the proposed model to interface the infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), weight sensors, and a Global Positioning System (GPS) module is used to monitor the status of bins at predetermined intervals. The proposed system transmits the data using the cluster network to the master module which is connected to the backend via Wi-Fi. As data is collected, an intelligent neural network algorithm namely Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is used which will intelligently learn and predict the upcoming wastage from waste generation patterns. Moreover, the proposed system uses Firebase Cloud Messaging to notify the appropriate people when the bins were full and needed to be emptied. The Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) JavaScript Application Programming Interface (API) is used to send notification messages in web apps in browsers that provide service work support. Hence, the proposed system is useful to the society by providing facilities to the governments for enforcing stricter regulations for waste disposal. Additional features such as automated calibration of bin height, a dynamic web data dashboard as well as collation of data into a distributed real-time firebase database are also provided in the proposed system.

Abstract: We report on a design-based research study that was conducted over two years. We developed, tested, and implemented Collabucate, a web-based tool for fostering social regulation of learning in collaborative learning. In this paper, we describe two cycles of a design-based research study in which Collabucate was implemented with Doctor of Pharmacy students. Collabucate was created according to Jarvela and colleagues' (2015) design principles for supporting socially shared regulation of learning and our design proposition to provide direct instruction of social regulation strategies. During two implementations, we collected and analyzed log data, student ratings, and focus groups. We improved design elements between the two design-based research cycles. Study results supported Jarvela and colleagues’ (2015) design principles and our design proposition. However, further work is required to improve how design elements are embodied in web-based tools. Based on our experience, we outline achievements, challenges, and future considerations for related tools and research. The study contributes to a growing number of tools created to foster awareness and effective regulation in collaborative learning.

Abstract: The design and development process for internet of things (IoT) applications is more complicated than that for desktop, mobile, or web applications First, IoT applications require both software and hardware to work together across many different types of nodes with different capabilities under different conditions Second, IoT application development involves different types of software engineers such as desktop, web, embedded, and mobile to work together Furthermore, non-software engineering personnel such as business analysts are also involved in the design process In addition to the complexity of having multiple software engineering specialists cooperating to merge different hardware and software components together, the development process requires different software and hardware stacks to be integrated together (eg, different stacks from different companies such as Microsoft Azure and IBM Bluemix) Due to the above complexities, non-functional requirements (such as security and privacy, which are highly important in the context of the IoT) tend to be ignored or treated as though they are less important in the IoT application development process This article reviews techniques, methods, and tools to support security and privacy requirements in existing non-IoT application designs, enabling their use and integration into IoT applications This article primarily focuses on design notations, models, and languages that facilitate capturing non-functional requirements (ie, security and privacy) Our goal is not only to analyse, compare, and consolidate the empirical research but also to appreciate their findings and discuss their applicability for the IoT

Abstract: This research and development aim at knowing the effectiveness of web-based animation videos application on environmental education of elementary school students in East Jakarta in Indonesia. Web-based animation videos for environmental education produced consisted of climate change, mangrove forest, waste recycling, biodiversity, and ozone depletion animation video pages. Student environmental education measured was related to satisfying student natural curiosity, enhancing environmental awareness, and strengthening student pro-conservation values. In the conclusion, it is highlighted that there is a positive effect of web-based animation videos application on student environmental education at elementary school students in Jakarta in Indonesia

Abstract: Modern web applications are an integral part of our digital lives. As we put more trust in web applications, the need for security increases. At the same time, detecting vulnerabilities in web applications has become increasingly hard, due to the complexity, dynamism, and reliance on third-party components. Blackbox vulnerability scanning is especially challenging because (i) for deep penetration of web applications scanners need to exercise such browsing behavior as user interaction and asynchrony, and (ii) for detection of nontrivial injection attacks, such as stored cross-site scripting (XSS), scanners need to discover inter-page data dependencies.This paper illuminates key challenges for crawling and scanning the modern web. Based on these challenges we identify three core pillars for deep crawling and scanning: navigation modeling, traversing, and tracking inter-state dependencies. While prior efforts are largely limited to the separate pillars, we suggest an approach that leverages all three. We develop Black Widow, a blackbox data-driven approach to web crawling and scanning. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the crawling by code coverage improvements ranging from 63% to 280% compared to other crawlers across all applications. Further, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the web vulnerability scanning by featuring no false positives and finding more cross-site scripting vulnerabilities than previous methods. In older applications, used in previous research, we find vulnerabilities that the other methods miss. We also find new vulnerabili-ties in production software, including HotCRP, osCommerce, PrestaShop and WordPress.

Abstract: The new national IdroGEO web platform allows the navigation, social sharing and download of data, maps, reports of the Italian Landslide Inventory, national hazard maps, and risk indicators. It is a tool for communication and dissemination of information to support decisions in risk mitigation policies, land use planning, preliminary design of infrastructures, prioritization of mitigation measures, management of civil protection emergencies, and environmental impact assessment. The challenges that have been faced during the design and development of the platform concern usability, access on multiple devices (smartphones, tablets, desktops), interoperability, transparency, reuse of information and software in the public sector, and improvement of the updating of the Italian Landslide Inventory. The methodologies and solutions adopted to address them include Progressive Web Application (PWA), Application Programming Interface (API), open standards, open libraries, and software. A landslide inventory management system has been developed via REST API for data entry and approval workflow in order to maintain the inventory in a distributed and collaborative manner. As a result, IdroGEO provides a public service for citizens, public administration, and professionals, using the “mobile first” approach and with scalable and reliable architecture. IdroGEO represents a solid infrastructure for the interoperability of data that serves as the foundation for creating a first knowledge-graph on landslides and the community who manages them.

Abstract: Building information modeling (BIM) is well-known for improving the efficiency of the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries. Currently, the support for web displays u...

Abstract: Development of interactive web applications to deposit, visualize and analyze biological datasets is a major subject of bioinformatics. R is a programming language for data science, which is also one of the most popular languages used in biological data analysis and bioinformatics. However, building interactive web applications was a great challenge for R users before the Shiny package was developed by the RStudio company in 2012. By compiling R code into HTML, CSS and JavaScript code, Shiny has made it incredibly easy to build web applications for the large R community in bioinformatics and for even non-programmers. Over 470 biological web applications have been developed with R/Shiny up to now. To further promote the utilization of R/Shiny, we reviewed the development of biological web applications with R/Shiny, including eminent biological web applications built with R/Shiny, basic steps to build an R/Shiny application, commonly used R packages to build the interface and server of R/Shiny applications, deployment of R/Shiny applications in the cloud and online resources for R/Shiny.

Abstract: Augmented/virtual realities (ARs/VRs) promise to revolutionize STEM education. However, most easy-to-use tools are limited to static visualizations, which limits the approachable content, whereas more interactive and dynamic alternatives require costly hardware, preventing large-scale use and evaluation of pedagogical effects. Here, we introduce https://MoleculARweb.epfl.ch, a free, open-source web site with interactive AR webpage-based apps that work out-of-the-box in laptops, tablets, and smartphones, where students and teachers can naturally handle virtual objects to explore molecular structure, reactivity, dynamics, and interactions, covering topics from inorganic, organic, and biological chemistry. With these web apps, teachers and science communicators can develop interactive material for their lessons and hands-on activities for their students and target public, in person or online, as we exemplify. Thousands of accesses to moleculARweb attest to the ease of use; teacher feedback attests to the utility in online teaching and homework during a pandemic; and in-class plus online surveys show that users find AR engaging and useful for teaching and learning chemistry. These observations support the potential of AR in future education and show the large impact that modern web technologies have in democratizing access to digital learning tools, providing the possibility to mass-test the pedagogical effect of these technologies in STEM education.

Abstract: Curug SMPN 1 is one of the state senior high schools in Tangerang regency, precisely in Curug district. The teacher absentee system in implementing learning has been running and is considered ineffective because it still has to record in books which are considered inefficient. To facilitate the need for teachers to record reports in books and to make it easier for supervisors, a web-based information system design was created. The method used is a prototype model using the help of an application from Adobe. With the prototype it is expected that the use of the WhatsApp service can be used to provide information to parents. The use of this prototype method is expected to be developed in other schools.