Abstract: Voltage reduction is a practice which has long been used by electric power companies during emergencies to reduce peak demand. Since 1973, some have suggested that it can also be an effective energy conservation method. Others disagree. The purposes of this paper are to: 1) present what is known about the effects of voltage reductions on real power, reactive power, and energy, for individual and composite loads; 2) discuss the problems associated with conservation voltage reduction proposals; and 3) suggest promising approaches for further study. Tests were conducted to determine the real and reactive power dependencies on voltage of a three-phase 5 hp induction motor. The following conclusions are derived from the information presented in this paper. 1) Appliances, motors, and feeders generally show initial reductions of power consumption at reduced voltage, but little reliable information concerning energy exists. 2) Because of the lack of hard evidence and the problems associated with conservation voltage reduction programs, it would be premature for any regulatory agency to mandate such programs at the present time.

Abstract: A low power transmitter has a D.C. Power supply for providing the transmitter with power. The supply is coupled to a voltage regulator for regulating the voltage to the transmitter and the regulator is further coupled to an oscillator which provides a time varying voltage signal to a capacitance sensor which varies as a function of the parameter to be sensed. The charging and discharging current pulses from the sensor, as affected by such sensors, are rectified and fed to an oscillator driver amplifier which controls the time varying voltage as a function of such rectified signals. The rectified signals are also fed to a low power consumption output amplifier which provides a zero based D.C. voltage output signal representative of the parameter to be sensed along two wires. The transmitter operates on low voltage and has a low power consumption.

Abstract: A power supply system generates a.c. power which is applied through a high voltage transformer to the electrodes of a treater. It includes a converter circuit which transforms a.c. electric power to d.c. power and an inverter which transforms the d.c. power to a.c. power. A feedback circuit senses the power delivered to the treater and separate control of both inverter frequency and output voltage is employed to prevent arc-over during the treatment process. The power supply system is particularly responsive to sudden changes in the operating conditions, and this enables treatment of relatively thin materials on a bare metal roller.

Abstract: The paper presents a method of analysis of power system reactive power and voltage control problems by means of known equivalent circuits of power systems and of power transformers with tap-changers. The method yields insight into the physical effects of tap-changer operations on system reactive power flows and voltage changes and enables one to get reasonably good quantitative estimates of the magnitude of these changes. The method also yields insight into "optimum" strategies for tap-changer controllers in order to optimize transformer operation and enables one to determine tap-changer requirements for system control problems such as reactive power transfers between systems.

Abstract: An amplifier arranged so that, when a plurality of power supply voltages supplied to an amplifying device are switched over in accordance with a signal voltage level of the amplifying device, the reference voltage provided for comparison with the abovesaid signal level will follow the fluctuations of the voltage of the lower voltage power supply among said plurality of power supplies, whereby avoiding the starting of operation of the amplifying device in its saturating region to thereby prevent increase in distortion of an output signal.

Abstract: The power source has a comparator COMP1 for comparing the power source voltage Vs (as detected by voltage divider resistors R2, R3) with a reference voltage V to detect when the former Vs has risen in excess of a predetermined value V, and a switching element Q2 connected in parallel to the power source via resistor R4. The switching element Q2 is made conductive by the output from the comparator COMP1 when Vs is in excess of V, to rapidly reduce the power source voltage.

Abstract: A new decoupled fonnulation for static state estimation in power systems is developed in this paper. Efficient state estimation algorithms for small as well as for large power systems are derived, and shown to rapidly yield the required state vector.

Abstract: PURPOSE:To simplify the constitution of the titled circuit, by dividing the reference voltage to be compared with a power supply voltage through a comparator into a nonlinear ratio, then performing the subsequent processes in a linearized form. CONSTITUTION:A reference voltage dividing circuit 12 consists of a series connected substance of resistances R11-R14 and R15 and divides the reference voltage Vr to be applied to a reference voltage input terminal 13 to deliver the voltages (1/1.414)Vr, (1/1.732)Vr, (1/2)Vr and (1/2.236)Vr to points C1-C4 respectively. These output voltages are compared with the power supply voltage V0 supplied from a terminal 11 through each unit comparator of a comparing circuit 14. The outputs d1-d4 are set at logic value 1 when the V0 is higher than the output voltage and at logic value 0 when the V0 is lower than the output voltages respectively. Thus the contents of a shift register 15 is decided. Then a voltage supply time width deciding circuit 17 detects the contents of the register 15, and the supply voltage is controlled.

Abstract: The power supply presented is used to operate a pulsed TWT in a microwave experiment, which will be flown during the first Spacelab (Spaceshuttle) mission. Various high voltages up to 10 KV at a pulsed power of 9 KW are provided by the supply. The design features of power conversion, high voltage insulation, pulse generation and protection circuitry are described and test results are presented.

Abstract: The Air Force has requirements for large amounts of electrical power at high voltage (up to hundreds of kilovolts) for certain airborne applications. Because of the severe weight and volume constraints, these systems cannot be realized using conventional technology. The Air Force, therefore, has been heavily involved in the development of lightweight power generation and conditioning equipment. Programs have been undertaken to reduce the weight of rotating machines, transformers, switches, inverters, and capacitors. The advances made in these areas are described, and some aspects of the use of these components in the design of lightweight systems are discussed.

Abstract: The power supply has the power of its i.c. engine determined by the output power from the self-excited sync. generator driven by the engine. When the tolerance frequency is not attained, the generator's voltage is reduced in proportion to the frequency drop to a value lying below the rated voltage. The generator's voltage lies in the ratio 1:1 to 2:1 (w.r.t. the magnitude of the frequency drop) below the rated voltage. The frequency of the generator's voltage is measured.

Abstract: A method is presented which will enable the test engineer to rapidly determine the optimum parameters of a test circuit for the generation of switching surges on high voltage shunt reactors and power transformers. For any given impulse generator and load inductance the selected parameters will result in the maximum efficiency of the test circuit, minimum duration of test voltage and at the same time will satisfy the waveshape requirements of ANSI standards.

Abstract: Voltage flicker occurring at the foundry and at other neArby power users when switching an induction furnace is reduced by modifying the associated capacitor and inductor components to obtain current lead of voltage. In comparison to furnaces operating at unity power factor, this permits locating foundries on power systems where power supply impedances would normally create excessive voltage flicker