TL;DR: The Miocene to recent melongenid species of northwest Borneo are discussed and it is shown that extralimital traits occur exclusively in the Miocene of southeast Asia is consistent with the hypothesis that adaptive innovations are most likely to arise in diverse, productive, shallow-water ecosystems.
Abstract: In this paper the Miocene to recent melongenid species of northwest Borneo are discussed. The recent fauna is poor with three genera represented by one species each. In the Miocene three (possibly four) genera occur with eight (possibly nine) species of which three are described as new species: Melongena murifactor, uniquely characterized by the formation of a septum walling off the adapical sector of the aperture; Pugilina erecta, characterized (along with its close Miocene relative from Java, P. ickei) by a free-edged, erect inner lip; Volema goliath, large for the genus with later whorls progressively covering the upper row of spines of earlier whorls. The apertural septum of M. murifactor is unique within Gastropoda, whereas the erect inner lip of P. erecta and P. ickei is unique within Melongenidae. That these extralimital traits occur exclusively in the Miocene of southeast Asia is consistent with the hypothesis that adaptive innovations are most likely to arise in diverse, productive, shallow-water ecosystems.
TL;DR: Three species of the predatory neogastropod family Melongenidae have had confirmed records from Singapore and according to the latest nomenclature, they are Hemifusus ternatanus, Pugilina cochlidium, and Volema myristica.
Abstract: Three species of the predatory neogastropod family Melongenidae have had confirmed records from Singapore. According to the latest nomenclature, they are Hemifusus ternatanus, Pugilina cochlidium, and Volema myristica. In the literature recording these species from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, Tweedie (1957 and 1967) was probably the first to illustrate a specimen of Pugilina cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758) (as Semifusus pugilina, also known then as the “false trumpet shell”) placed in the family Galeodidae (junior synonym of Melongenidae). Pugilina cochlidium [as Melongena (Semifusus) pugilina, and placed in the Galeodidae] was illustrated in Chuang (1961), and Tan & Ng (1988), and more records of local species were added by Lim (1969 & 1970) who listed and illustrated Melongena paradisiaca, Melongena pugilina and Melongena ternatanus. Later, in an early malacofauna list of Singapore, Chuang (1973) listed Hemifusus ternatanus, Melongena galeodes, Melongena pugilina and Volema paradisiaca, and a few years later in 1976, Melongena pugilina was featured prominently in a colourful poster published by the Singapore Science Centre. In the most comprehensive checklist of the region yet, Purchon (1981) listed Hemifusus ternatanus, Melongena galeodes and Melongena pugilina, placed in the Melongenidae. Chou et al. (1994), listed Hemifusus ternatanus, Melingena [sic] pugilina, and Volema paradisiaca as belonging to Melongenidae. The muddling of names was not restricted to local works. Springsteen & Leobrera (1986) inexplicably lumped Volema (Pugilina) cochlidium, Volema (Hemifusus) carinifera and Volema (Melongena) myristica from the Philippines under a single genus. Melongena pugilina and Pugilina ternatana were also recorded from Western Peninsular Thailand by Tantanansiriwong (1978). Wilson (1994) placed Pugilina cochlidium under the subfamily Melongeninae of Buccinidae owing to radula and anatomical similarities, an observation that was also noted by Tan & Phuah (1999) but this radical classification does not appear to have been followed by recent authors (e.g., Swennen et al., 2001; Dharma, 2005; Kabir et al., 2007; Robin, 2008).