Abstract: One hundred male spinal cord injured patients have now undergone anteromedian (12 o'clock) external urethral sphincterotomy alone or in combination with transurethral incision or resection of the bladder neck. The functional affect of this procedure has been documented by voiding cystourethrogram and urodynamic studies. The morbidity and clinical results including blood loss and loss of reflex erection are reviewed. The short-term clinical results suggest that this is the best of currently available techniques to lower external urethral sphincter resistance.

Abstract: Urinary tract infection in children is a common problem confronting pediatricians, family practitioners, and urologists. The prevalence of this problem for the general population under the age of 14 years has been found by Kunin1 to be 0.4% for boys and 1.2% for girls. The question of which patients require a complete radiologic evaluation (intravenous pyelogram [IVP] and voiding cystourethrogram [VCUG]) has been classically embalmed in controversy and confusion. Some authors have advocated investigating all children with a bacteriologically proven infection,2 while most others have recommended investigations after the first infection in boys and after the second infection in girls.3-5

Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are a common and challenging problem for the primary care physician and continue to be a cause of significant morbidity. Except for the neonatal period, UTIs occur most frequently in girls. The symptoms of UTI in the child may be obscure, and often a high index of suspicion is required. Diagnosis ultimately depends on the urine culture. Current concepts in the diagnosis and therapy of UTIs in children include the use of urine culture for initial diagnosis and home cultures for follow-up. Evidence fully supports the concept that even a single episode of documented bacteriuria, symptomatic or asymptomatic, should be investigated with an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG).