Villagization

Abstract: Preface Introduction to the Second Edition: The Political Economy of Tanzania Revisited PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Nyerere's Tanzania 2. Tanzania and the International Economy PART II: DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT BEFORE 1900 3. The Interior 4. Zanzibar and the Coast 5. The German Conquest PART III: THE COLONIAL SYSTEM 6. The German Colony 7. Agricultural Production under the British 8. Agricultural Marketing and Co-Operatives 9. Non-Industrialization 10. Education and Ideology 11. Indirect Rule PART IV: THE NATIONALIST TAKE-OVER 12. The Nationalists 13. The Independence 'Struggle' 14. The Peaceful Transition 15. Zanzibar PART V: THE FRUITS OF INDEPENDENCE 16. The Early Years 17. Agricultural Policy 1961-1967 18. Industry Before the Arusha Declaration 19. The Arusha Declaration PART VI: HARSH REALITIES 20. Production and Income Distribution 21. Social Class and Social Services Appendix 1. The University of Dar es Salaam Appendix 2: Tazara: The Great Uhuru Railway 22. Ujamaa and Villagization Appendix: The Ruvuma Development Association 23. Parastatals and Workers Appendix 1: The State Trading Corporation 1967-1972 Appendix 2: The Mwananchi Engineering and Construction Company (Mecco) 24. Development Strategy and Foreign Relations 25. The Tanzanian State

Abstract: This article uses a key principle of the Tanzanian ujamaa project – self-reliance – as an analytical lever to open up the historical landscape of development politics in that national context during the 1960s and early 1970s. Throughout this period Tanzanians understood and experienced self-reliance in a variety of ways: as a mandated developmental strategy or a collective developmental aspiration, a condition of dignity or privation, a hallmark of national citizenship or a reflection of local survivalism, a matter of luxury or necessity. I trace these multiple meanings through three distinct but overlapping fields of inquiry: first, by cataloguing the plural ideological registers indexed by self-reliance within official development discourse vis-a-vis domestic and international politics; second, by illuminating a diverse range of rural elders' accounts of ujamaa villagization and self-reliance policy in the south-eastern region of Mtwara; and third, by examining the ambivalent position of self-reliance within public debates about regional development in relation to the national scale. In doing so, I expose the dialectical friction between competing constructions of citizenship and development at the heart of ujamaa, and suggest new avenues forward for conceptualizing the afterlives of ‘self-reliance’ and the changing meaning of development in contemporary Tanzania and beyond.

Abstract: This article presents a critical assessment of James Scott's portrayal, in Seeing Like a State (1998), of Tanzanian villagisation as a ‘high modernist scheme’. In particular, the article seeks to t...

Abstract: The settlement of Kiambu until the Kirika famine of 1835 from Kirika until the end of the 19th century land ownership in the 20th century the labour market for the local population land, labour and living in the colonial era the resistance of the elders the resistance of the land poor and landless the beginning of Mau Mau the emergency, Marige and the end of Mau Mau. Appendices: data, reliability and analysis oral traditions notes on Kiambu social organization economic data notes on the Kenya land commission report notes on the Rift Valley notes on local education late 19th and 20th-century oaths notes on Mau Mau land consolidation and villagization.