Showing papers on "Vigna published in 2004"
TL;DR: A (AG)n-SSR-enriched library in azuki bean was constructed in order to obtain a comprehensive range of SSR markers efficiently and resulted in a 116-fold enrichment over the non-en enriched genomic library, with a high percentage of successful single-locus amplification by the primer pairs designed.
Abstract: To gain a better understanding of wild and weedy azuki population structures in relation to the cultigens we have developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on a new methodology for plant material. In the azuki bean genome, the number of (AG)n and (AC)n motif loci per haploid genome has been estimated to be 3,500 and 2,100, respectively, indicating that (AG)n motifs are a rich source of markers. We constructed a (AG)n-SSR-enriched library in azuki bean in order to obtain a comprehensive range of SSR markers efficiently. The method applied in this study resulted in a 116-fold enrichment over the non-enriched genomic library, with a high percentage (98%) of successful single-locus amplification by the primer pairs designed. Consequently, this method can be applied to construct SSR-enriched libraries suitable for large-scale sequencing. We obtained 255 unique sequences from an (AG)n-enriched library for azuki bean. Fifty primer pairs were designed and screened against five populations of wild azuki bean. Among these five populations, one population from Bato town, Tochigi prefecture, Japan, showed greater polymorphism using these primers than the others and was therefore chosen for the in-depth study. The genotypes of 20 individuals were investigated using eight of the SSR primers developed. The genetic relationships among individuals revealed a complex spatial pattern of population structure. Although azuki bean is considered to be a predominantly self-pollinating species, 3 of the 20 individuals tested in the population showed heterozygous genotypes, indicating outcrossing. Allele size and DNA sequence in each of the 20 individuals were compared with those of landraces and released cultivars of azuki bean. Plants in part of the population had many alleles of the same size and with the same sequence as those in cultivated azuki bean, suggesting that gene flow from the cultigen to wild plants has occurred in this population. Unintentional transgene escape from azuki could therefore occur when transgenic azuki is grown in areas where its wild and weedy relatives occur. The approach used here could be applied to biosafety monitoring of transgenic azuki bean.
145 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The correlations of the different host plants with preference level, life duration and survival rate of S. litura Fabricius show that the most preference plants are Ver. cormosus, Nelumbo nucifera, brassica oleracea, Brassica chinensis, Ipomoea aquatica, Brassicas compestris, Gossypium hirsutum, Glycine max, Raphanus sativus, Vigna sesquipedalis
Abstract: The correlations of the different host plants with preference level, life duration and survival rate of S. litura Fabricius show that the most preference plants of S. litura Fabricius are Ver. cormosus, Nelumbo nucifera, Brassica oleracea, Brassica chinensis, Ipomoea aquatica, Brassica compestris, Gossypium hirsutum, Glycine max, Raphanus sativus, Vigna sesquipedalis, Basella alba, respectively. The preference plants are Arachis hypogaea, Sesamum indicum, Polygonum lapathifolium, Marsilea quadrifolia, Ipomoea batatas, Phaseolus radicalum, Cucumis sativus, respectively. The secondary host plant are others. There are significant differences among the duration of larvae, weight of pupa and emerging rate when the larvae are fed on the different host plants. The duration of larvae is shorter, the pupae are weighter and the emerging rate is higher when the larvae are fed on Colocasia esculenta, Ipomoea aquatica, Brassica chinensis, Brassica oleralea, Vigna sesquipedalis, Nelumbo nucifera, etc. The duration of larvae is longer, the pupae are smaller and the emerging rate is lower when the larvae are fed on Gossypium hirsutum, Glycine max, and Helianthus annuus.
113 citations
TL;DR: Involvement of the VuC1 cDNA in the cellular response to various abiotic stresses was studied, using Northern blot and Western blot analysis, in the leaf tissues of cowpea plants corresponding to two cultivars with different capacity to tolerate drought‐stress.
109 citations
TL;DR: The predicted primary sequence of Vr‐PLC3 is reminiscent of the δ‐isoform of animal enzymes, such as the catalytic domain comprising X and Y motifs, a lipid‐binding C2 domain, and the less conserved EF‐hand domain.
78 citations
TL;DR: If favorably interacting rhizospheric microorganisms are used as microbial inoculants, nodulation is improved as well as N and P uptake by greengram plant and hence also yield is increased, however, the applicability of this approach has to be tested in further field studies.
Abstract: The bioassociative effect of rhizospheric microorganisms on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] plant and available phosphorus (P) status of the soil was determined in a sandy clay loam soil, deficient in available P. Plant yield and nutrient [nitrogen (N) and P] uptake were significantly enhanced as a result of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM), Pseudomonas striata or Penicillium variable. Plant yield and nutrient uptake were further augmented by the addition of AM fungus, Glomus fasciculatum in the combined inoculation treatment with Bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) + P. striata. However, a negative effect occurred on all the considered parameters when G. fasciculatum was added to the combination of Bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) and Penicillium variable. In addition, the available P status of the soil improved by the addition of P. striata with Bradyrhizobium sp. (vigna) and AM fungus. The nitrogen content...
77 citations
TL;DR: Data suggest that of all four kinds of beans tested, bile acid binding may be related to the anionic, cationic, physical and chemical structure, composition, metabolites, or their interaction with active binding sites.
74 citations
TL;DR: Effects of 28-homobrassinolide and kinetin and especially HBR increased the activities of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase, chlorophyll and total protein contents and net photosynthetic rate in the leaves and pod number and seed yield, at harvest.
Abstract: Effects of 28-homobrassinolide (HBR) and kinetin (KIN) on photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and the seed yield were studied. The leaves of 25-d-old plants of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek were sprayed with 0.01, 1.0 or 100 μM aqueous solution of KIN, or 0.0001, 0.01 or 1.0 μM that of HBR. KIN and especially HBR increased the activities of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase, chlorophyll and total protein contents and net photosynthetic rate in the leaves, and pod number and seed yield, at harvest.
62 citations
53 citations
TL;DR: In UV-B-stressed plants, triadimefon treatment compensated the inhibitions to varying extents and the partitioning of biomass between plant parts showed improvement over the control plants.
Abstract: Elevated UV-B radiation (12.2 kJ m−2 d−1) as against the ambient level of 10 kJ m−2 d−1 affected flowering, productivity and biomass partitioning of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek cv. KM-2]. UV-B stress delayed flowering initiation and achievement of 50 % flowering, reduced flower retention by 25 %, potential yield by 18 % and all yield attributes such as pod number (25 %), pod mass (41 %), seed number (32 %) and seed mass (45 %). Harvest index and shelling percentage were also reduced by 31 and 7 %, respectively. Application of triadimefon (20 mg dm−3) to unstressed plants accelerated flowering and enhanced flower retention (21 %), potential yield (15 %) and yield attributes (7 to 44 %). The partitioning of biomass between plant parts also showed improvement over the control plants. In UV-B-stressed plants, triadimefon treatment compensated the inhibitions to varying extents.
46 citations
TL;DR: DNA B of MYMV-Vig is an important determinant of host-range between V. mungo andV.
Abstract: Mungbean yellow mosaic virus-Vigna (MYMV-Vig), a Begomovirus that causes yellow mosaic disease, was cloned from field-infected blackgram (Vigna mungo). One DNA A clone (KA30) and five different DNA B clones (KA21, KA22, KA27, KA28 and KA34) were obtained. The sequence identity in the 150-nt common region (CR) between DNA A and DNA B was highest (95%) for KA22 DNA B and lowest (85.6%) for KA27 DNA B. The Rep-binding domain had three complete 11-nt (5'-TGTATCGGTGT-3') iterons in KA22 DNA B (and KA21, KA28 and KA34), while the first iteron in KA27 DNA B (5'-ATCGGTGT-3') had a 3-nt deletion. KA27 DNA B, which exhibited 93.9% CR sequence identity to the mungbean-infecting MYMV, also shared the 3-nt deletion in the first iteron besides having an 18-nt insertion between the third iteron and the conserved nonanucleotide. MYMV was found to be closely related to KA27 DNA B in amino acid sequence identity of BV1 (94.1%) and BC1 (97.6%) proteins and in the organization of nuclear localization signal (NLS), nuclear export signal (NES) and phosphorylation sites. Agroinoculation of blackgram (V. mungo) and mungbean (V. radiata) with partial dimers of KA27 and KA22 DNA Bs along with DNA A caused distinctly different symptoms. KA22 DNA B caused more intense yellow mosaic symptoms with high viral DNA titre in blackgram. In contrast, KA27 DNA B caused more intense yellow mosaic symptoms with high viral DNA titre in mungbean. Thus, DNA B of MYMVVig is an important determinant of host-range between V. mungo and V. radiata.
43 citations
TL;DR: Fusarium solani infects roots of a number of different plant species and some strains produce Phytotoxins, which cause symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, defoliation, wilt or death on most of the species, but azuki bean (Vigna angularis), common pea (Pisum sativum) and vetch (Vicia sativa) were symptomless.
Abstract: Fusarium solani infects roots of a number of different plant species and some strains produce Phytotoxins. F. solani f. sp. glycines, the causal organism of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean (Glycine max), colonises soybean roots and produces toxin(s) that are translocated to leaves and cause intervienal chlorosis and necrosis. Several experiments evaluated the phytotoxicity of cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines by immersing cuttings of soybean seedlings into filtrates to determine what in vitro growth conditions alter the phytotoxicity, and to determine the specificity of toxicity of F. solani f. sp. glycines and other F. solani on cuttings of soybean and other legume species. Foliar disease severity ratings of soybean cuttings in cell-free culture filtrates diluted 25- and 50-fold were higher than when diluted 100-fold or more. Cell-free culture filtrates originating from cultures grown at 15, 20, and 25°C caused greater (P = 0.05) foliar disease severity ratings on cutting than when the fungus was grown at 30°C. Cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani isolates from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) did not cause symptoms on soybean cuttings whereas filtrates of F. solani isolates obtained from other hosts caused some leaf chlorosis and/or necrotic spots. F. solani f. sp. glycines inoculated on eight legume species caused symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, defoliation, wilt or death on most of the species, but azuki bean (Vigna angularis), common pea (Pisum sativum) and vetch (Vicia sativa) were symptomless. Cell-free culture filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines caused foliar symptoms on all cuttings of legume species except for mung bean (Vigna radiata), although none of the symptoms matched the SDS symptoms observed on soybean foliage.
TL;DR: Results indicate that bile acid binding by garbanzo >-black eye beans=lima beans > soy beans shows their relative health-promoting potential, and incorporation ofGarbanzo, black eye and lima bean in diets should be encouraged.
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the low symbiotic N2 fixation ability of common bean was due to its high soil N uptake ability and constant N accumulation, which enabled an efficient soil N absorption.
Abstract: The adzuki bean (Vigna angularis (Wild.) Ohwi and Ohashi) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have a high physiological demand for N. A 2-year field study was conducted to investigate the seasonal change of available soil N and symbiotic N2 fixation usage. The beans were seeded at two densities, 22.2 plants m−2 with a row spacing of 0.3 m and 11.1 plants m−2 with a row spacing of 0.6 m. The amount of fixed N2 in the shoot was calculated using the 15N natural abundance method. The common bean demonstrated low N2 fixation and the ability to accumulate high levels of soil N. Soil nitrate under the common bean was continually absorbed. The adzuki bean, on the other hand, had a remarkable peak of N accumulation in the early reproductive stage. This was mainly due to N2 fixation, though the soil nitrate level was high. Narrowing the plant row spacing increased the dry matter yield of both species, but the origin of the increased N differed between the species. For the first 77 DAP in 1999 (73 DAP in 2000) the N increase for both beans was due to both soil and atmospheric N2. At harvest, though, the increase of N in common bean was mainly due to soil N, while that in adzuki bean was mainly due to atmospheric N2. It can be concluded that the low symbiotic N2 fixation ability of common bean was due to its high soil N uptake ability and constant N accumulation, which enabled an efficient soil N absorption. Adzuki bean absorbed N mainly for a short period and depended more on symbiotically fixed N2 and, in contrast to common bean, left a high level of NO3-N remaining in the soil after cropping.
TL;DR: The seeds of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) do not support development of the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus, a pest of cowpea seeds, and the presence of vicilin-like proteins in the testa of P. vulgaris may have had a significant role in the evolutionary adaptation of bruchids to the seeds of leguminous plants.
Abstract: We have confirmed here that the seeds of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) do not support development of the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), a pest of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] seeds. Analysis of the testa (seed coat) of the bean suggested that neither thickness nor the levels of compounds such as tannic acid, tannins, or HCN are important for the resistance. On the other hand, we have found that phaseolin (vicilin-like 7S storage globulin), detected in the testa by Western blotting and N-terminal amino acid sequencing, is detrimental to the development of C. maculatus. As for the case of other previously studied legume seeds (Canavalia ensiformis and Phaseolus lunatus) we suggest that the presence of vicilin-like proteins in the testa of P. vulgaris may have had a significant role in the evolutionary adaptation of bruchids to the seeds of leguminous plants.
TL;DR: The results strongly suggest a relationship between polyamine and nodule senescence in field grown V. mungo and it is suggested that the flowering stage is more suitable for selection.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The lowest weeds population, weed dry weight and highest weed control efficiency are obtained in Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + one hand weeding.
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out during 1998 and 1999 to study the effect of weed management in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) grown either in mixed or in a sole situation. The lowest weeds count/m2 and weeds dry weight in pigeonpea + cowpea in comparison to pigeonpea + mung bean intercropping and sole crops of pigeon pea. Both the intercrops reduced the yield of pigeonpea but the pigeonpea yield equivalent was higher in pigeonpea + mungbean and pigeonpea + cowpea fodder cropping system respectively. Among various methods of weed control, Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + one hand weeding at 30 DAS resulted in maximum 1000- seed weight, grain yield as well as yield equivalent of pigeonpea followed by Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + one hand weeding at 30 DASin comparison to control. The lowest weeds population, weed dry weight and highest weed control efficiency are obtained in Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + one hand weeding followed by Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha + one hand weeding.
TL;DR: Cultivation of surface-sterilized green gram seeds on unsterilization dune sand resulted in profuse flowering as well as nodules within 6 weeks indicating possibilities for isolating efficient rhizobial strains through cultivating edible legumes on coastal sand dune soils.
Abstract: The symbiotic efficiency of coastal sand dune rhizobial isolates on four cultivated legumes, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), green gram (Vigna radiata), black gram (Vigna mungo) and horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), was assessed. Among the isolates of Someshwara (S1–S5), inoculation of S5 resulted in the highest increase of shoot biomass in cowpea (control vs experimental, 1:6), while inoculation of P1 among the Padubidri isolates (P1–P5) induced the highest shoot biomass in cowpea (1:14.4). Inoculation of the isolate P2 induced higher shoot biomass against uninoculated controls of horse gram (12.6:1), green gram (11.2:1) and black gram (6.1:1). One-way ANOVA revealed significant difference in the shoot biomass between uninoculated and inoculated cowpea plants with ten rhizobial isolates (P <0.05). Cultivation of surface-sterilized green gram seeds on unsterilized dune sand resulted in profuse flowering as well as nodules within 6 weeks indicating possibilities for isolating efficient rhizobial strains through cultivating edible legumes on coastal sand dune soils.
TL;DR: A high rate of germination of the somatic embryos and plant conversion (development into a full fledged plantlet) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) with 3.94 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) medium.
TL;DR: The reproductive success of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, the main insect pest of stored cowpea, may vary between strains of this beetle and between varieties of the host seeds.
Abstract: The reproductive success of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, the main insect pest of stored cowpea, may vary between strains of this beetle and between varieties of the host seeds. Life history parameters of beetle strains from three different origins in West Africa were compared on two susceptible varieties of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. All beetle strains were assayed in a no-choice and a two-choice test. No major differences were found between the beetle strains. In a no-choice situation, the developmental period from egg to adult was prolonged on the bean variety Kpodjiguegue. In a two-choice situation, the beetles showed a strong preference for the Californian blackeyed bean variety to oviposit on. Here again the development took longer on Kpodjiguegue beans and the intrinsic rate of increase of the beetle population was lower. Using either equal numbers of beans of the same size or equal weights of beans of undetermined size of the two bean varieties did not affect the outcome of the test.
Journal Article•
1 Oct 2004
TL;DR: The results show that long primers can be used for efficiently analysing genetic diversity and the relationships in a large mungbean germplasm collection.
Abstract: There are a number of applications of molecular markers in agriculture such as assessing genetic diversity, generating DNA fingerprints and developing markers linked to a trait of interest, etc. Arbitrarily Primed-Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) in which template DNA is amplified using single arbitrary primers of 10 base in length is a widely used technique. The objectives of this investigation were: (a) to compare efficiency of long primers (ranging from 18 to 22 base in length) and 10 base primers in detecting RAPDs in mungbean and (b) to evaluate some selected long primers for their ability to discriminate 46 mungbean genotypes and to study the genetic relationships among them. Both the groups of primers were evaluated for the total number of discrete and detectable amplified fragments and polymorphic bands detected between two mungbean genotypes. The long primers yielded significantly higher number of discrete and detectable bands as well as polymorphic bands than 10 base primers. A set of eight long primers was used for AP-PCR analysis of 46 mungbean genotypes. A total of 173 fragments were amplified of which 39.08 % were polymorphic. AP-PCR profiles from only three primers were sufficient to differentiate all the genotypes. A high degree of genetic variation was observed among different genotypes, whereas, those originating from the same source were highly related. The results show that long primers can be used for efficiently analysing genetic diversity and the relationships in a large mungbean germplasm collection.
TL;DR: A taxonomic study of the Cuban species of Phaseolus L. and Vigna Savi includes keys, descriptions, illustrations of selected taxa, chromosome numbers, palinology, phenology, ecology, distribution maps, notes on chemical composition and ethnobotany for each of the eleven species known from Cuba.
Abstract: We present a taxonomic study of the Cuban species of Phaseolus L. and Vigna Savi. It includes keys, descriptions, illustrations of selected taxa, chromosome numbers, palinology, phenology, ecology, distribution maps, notes on chemical composition and ethnobotany for each of the eleven species known from Cuba. We also present a discussion on the value of the characters used in the taxonomy of the complex.
TL;DR: Antibiosis is believed to be the mechanism of resistance operating in these cultivars of bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom.