Vigna

Abstract: A 12-week greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the polyphenol, lignin and N contents of six legumes on their N mineralization rate in soil and to compare estimates of legume-N release by the difference and 15N-recovery methods Mature tops of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), round leaf cassia (Cassia rotundifolia Pers, var Wynn), leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala Lam, deWit), Fitzroy stylo (Stylosanthes scabra Vog, var Fitzroy), snail medic (Medicago scutellata L), and vigna (Vigna trilobata L, var verde) were incorporated in soil at the rate of 100 mg legume N kg-1 soil The medic and vigna were labeled with 15N Sorghum-sudan hybrid (Sorghum bicolor, L Moench) was used as the test crop A non-amended treatment was used as a control Net N mineralization after 12 weeks ranged from 11% of added N with cassia to 47% of added N for alfalfa With the two legumes that contained less than 20 g kg-1 of N, stylo and cassia, there was net N immobilization for the first 6 weeks of the experiment The legume (lignin + polyphenol):N ratio was significantly correlated with N mineralization at all sampling dates at the 005 level and at the 001 level at 6 weeks (r2=0866) Legume N, lignin, or polyphenol concentrations or the lignin:N ratio were not significantly correlated with N mineralization at any time The polyphenol:N ratio was only significantly correlated with N mineralization after 9 weeks (r2=0692) The (lignin + polyphenol):N ratio appears to be a good predictor of N mineralization rates of incorporated legumes, but the method for analyzing plant polyphenol needs to be standardized Estimates of legume-N mineralization by the difference and 15N recovery methods were significantly different at all sampling dates for both 15N-labeled legumes After 12 weeks, estimates of legume-N mineralization averaged 20% more with the difference method than with the 15N recovery method This finding suggests that estimates of legume N available to subsequent crops should not be based solely on results from 15N recovery experiments

Abstract: Aims: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the bacterial strains possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-deaminase activity may also promote growth of inoculated plants and could increase nodulation in legumes upon co-inoculation with rhizobia. Methods and Results: Several rhizobacteria were isolated from maize rhizosphere through enrichment on ACC as a sole N source. Purified isolates were screened for growth promotion in maize under axenic conditions and for in vitro ACC-deaminase activity. A significant positive correlation was observed between in vitro ACC-deaminase activity of bacterial cells and root elongation. None of the isolates produced auxins. Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum produced less amount of auxins but did not carry ACC-deaminase activity. Results of pot experiment revealed that co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates enhanced the nodulation in mung bean compared with inoculation with Bradyrhizobium alone. Conclusions: It is highly expected that inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase hydrolysed endogenous ACC into ammonia and α-ketobutyrate instead of ethylene. Consequently, root and shoot growth as well as nodulation were promoted. Significance and Impact of the Study: The ACC-deaminase trait could be employed as an efficient tool to screen effective PGPR, which could be successfully used as biofertilizers to increase the growth of inoculated plants as well as nodulation in legumes.

Abstract: The seeds and sprouts of mung bean (Vigna radiata), a common food, contain abundant nutrients with biological activities. This review provides insight into the nutritional value of mung beans and its sprouts, discussing chemical constituents that have been isolated in the past few decades, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Moreover, we also summarize dynamic changes in metabolites during the sprouting process and related biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, lipid metabolism accommodation, antihypertensive, and antitumor effects, etc., with the goal of providing scientific evidence for better application of this commonly used food as a medicine.