Abstract: A liquid crystal display unit including a plurality of subpixels in each pixel provides superior gradation over a wide viewing angle, and is produced with no increase in manufacturing cost and no deterioration of desired properties (such as reduction in brightness, contrast and response). No additional manufacturing step is required since a control capacitor electrode is formed at the same time as source and drain electrodes constituting a thin-film transistor. By controlling the ratio of display area and the difference in applied voltage of the subpixels, preferable viewing angle properties are obtained. The display properties at the boundary of subpixels are improved by controlling the gap width and the direction of boundary of the subpixels, thus providing a bright display.

Abstract: A multi-domain halftone grayscale active matrix liquid crystal display utilizing a mono-grap configuration for achieving a very wide viewing angle at a low-cost. The substrate of the display has areas having a rub or an alignment of different directions from the direction of the rub or alignment in other adjacent areas. Each pixel of the gray scale matrix has a plurality of subpixels such that each subpixel turns on at a different voltage than that of the other subpixels. The areas involving different rubs or alignments on the substrates may be areas of pixels or subpixels. At least one compensating retardation layer is formed on the display. The technique of enabling the combining of multiple domains and compensation with halftone grayscale pixels results in a display having significantly wider viewing angles than either a multi-domain display or a halftone grayscale display, whether compensated for or not.

Abstract: A process is used to produce the visual perception of spatial structure through manipulations of images displayed on an essentially flat screen. The same images are presented simultaneously to both eyes. The images are derived from small discrete shifts in the local apparent viewing angle; these shifts occur perceptually in direction and time, like saccades. The nature of the shifts, the interrelationship of the magnitude of the shifts and the duration between shifts are selected to convey motion parallax sensations to a viewer. The process can be applied to cathode-ray displays, motion pictures, and similar essentially flat displays.

Abstract: The invention provides an integrated dark matrix for an active matrix liquid crystal display. A plurality of pixel electrodes overlap at least one of a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines. A perimeter of the pixel electrodes overlaps the gate lines and/or data lines by twice the distance that the pixel electrode is above the gate and data lines, respectively to obtain a viewing angle of over 60 degrees.

Abstract: A system for increasing the useful viewing angle in an array of video display units, also called a video wall, comprising the duplication of an outer marginal strip of the displayed image on adjacent video display units, a cylindrical lens structure mounted over the frame of each video display units and outer strip, with a spatial compression of a portion of outer strip, or the duplication of the image in an outer marginal strip of the displayed image in adjacent video display units, and a spherical lens placed over the entire viewing surface and frame of each video display unit. With proper selection of lens parameters and aforementioned image modifications, the invention produces a magnified image that obscures the image of the frame between adjacent video display units and gives the effect of a single large display over an increased viewing angle.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To secure wide visual field and to improve the operability of an endoscope by switching a three-dimensional mode for performing stereoscopic display and a wide angle two-dimensional mode for observing a wide range in a stereoscopic endoscope device. CONSTITUTION: The image 26 picked up by using a wide angle lens 22 having the wide viewing angle of one camera 42 and by using the wide angle lens 22 in the wide angle two-dimensional mode is outputted as the signal for a right eye 13 and the signal for a left eye 14 of a stereoscopic display device 7. In a three-dimensional mode, the image 26 picked up by using the wide angle lens 22 is electrically enlarged by an image enlarging part 24 and stereoscopically displayed by the device 7 by using the image 27 corrected to a standard viewing angle so as to be apparently equivalent to the image 25 by an image segmenting part 30 and the image 25 by the other camera 41 having a standard viewing angle lens 21.

Abstract: A vertically aligned cholesteric liquid crystal display system (500) that provides a high contrast ratio and gray scale transmission that is largely invariant with respect to viewing angle is disclosed. The inventive display consists of an optical compensator and a novel cell design that improves the display's gray scale stability. The display's compensator comprises a negative C-plate (510) and either one or two pairs of crossed A-plates (550). The A-plates are oriented along the display's polarizer transmission axes. The achievable viewing angle using this compensator arrangement is wider than that achievable with crossed polarizers alone. The display's liquid crystal cell design incorporates two tilt domains with a relatively low phase thickness. The liquid crystal's chiral dopant concentration is adjusted to give a cell gap-to-pitch ratio of 0.2 to 0.32. The display's polarizers (505, 555) are oriented at 45° and 135°, whereas the average liquid crystal director is oriented at 90°. Each pixel electrode (525, 540) contains horizontal stripes which produce lateral electric fields within the active pixel region. The lateral electric fields cause the liquid crystal to break up into two tilt domains that are oriented in opposite directions, approximately 90° and 270°. The resulting gray scale response is reproducible from pixel to pixel and relatively uniform with viewing angle because the response from different tilt domains are averaged over the entire pixel. The lateral electric fields also eliminate the instability that exists when an electric potential is first applied across a cell and, thereby, reduces the display's turn-on delay time.

Abstract: — The display quality of active-matrix LCDs has been greatly improved. However, the problem of narrow viewing angle has not yet been sufficiently solved. In order to solve this problem, a new LCD comprised of a bend-alignment LCD cell with an optical compensator was designed. The improvement is shown by theoretical and experimental analysis.

Abstract: An electro-optical display device comprising a liquid crystal layer achieves switching using an electric field component which is predominantly parallel to the surface of the liquid crystal layer. Low dependence of image contrast on viewing angle is achieved by selection of parameters including orientation angle β o and pretilt angle α o of the liquid crystal molecules in the layer. For example, good results are achieved when 0°<β o ≦20° for liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy and 70°≦β o <90° for molecules having positive dielectric anisotropy. Preferably, 0°≦α o <30°.

Abstract: A display device includes a backlight having a main emitting peak in the region of 380-420 nm, a polarizer for selecting light having prescribed direction among the light emitted from a backlight source and an analyzer for receiving the selected light, a pair of electrodes provided between the polarizer and analyzer, optoelectronic material such as liquid crystal materials and PLZT provided between the electrodes, and a phosphor layer including phosphors which can be stimulated by exposure to the light from the backlight source. The display device has an increased viewing angle and improved luminance.

Abstract: A gray voltage generator for liquid crystal display can control a viewing angle of the liquid crystal via a shift of a gray reference voltage by adjusting a size of the gray reference voltage level, can compensate kick back voltage and threshold voltage of the liquid crystal by fine adjustment of the gray reference voltage level, and can prevent an abnormal screen displayed in the liquid crystal display during an internal setup time when a video signal is not produced after power is applied to electrical equipment including its liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display having an improved angular distribution for emerging radiation is described, together with a method for manufacturing it. This was achieved by forming patterns, one per pixel, of concentric annuli in one of the orientation layers and radial spokes in the other orientation layer. This guarantees that there is a wide range in the orientations of the twisted nematics, leading to an improved angular distribution for the emerging radiation. The invention is applicable to both monochrome as well as color displays and may also be used as a way to adjust, during manufacturing, the angular distribution of the emerging light.

Abstract: Equations are derived which describe and relate the magnification, viewing angle and reflected illuminance of convex mirrors as used in automotive applications. The derived equations are compared to those for plane mirrors. Using these equations the viewing angles of automotive rearview mirrors are calculated and depicted. The blind zones are defined in terms of the viewing angles, obstructions to vision, perceptibility limitations, and the lateral separation of vehicles. Various strategies for overcoming the blind zones are discussed. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 875189.

Abstract: A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display and method of operating the same are disclosed. Each of a plurality of pixel elements of the display have individually driveable first and second pixel sub-elements. A desired average gray scale intensity for a first pixel element is determined. First and second drive voltages are determined as a function of the desired average gray scale intensity for the first pixel element. The first drive voltage is provided to the first pixel sub-element to drive it to a first gray scale intensity. The second drive voltage is provided to the second pixel sub-element to drive it to a second gray scale intensity. The average gray scale intensity for the first pixel element, which is a function of the first and second gray scale intensities, has reduced viewing angle dependence.

Abstract: The new LCD display mode (ASM mode) which has the axially symmetric orientation of liquid crystal molecules and the micro-cell structure corresponding to each pixel is described in this paper. The electro-optic characteristics of this mode afford high contrast (CR ≥ 200, at normal direction) and the wide viewing angle characteristics without contrast inversion (±60° in both up-down and left-right directions).

Abstract: A portable presentation system includes a portable personal computer with a removable LCD and a stand assembly for carrying the LCD in a detached position to enable the LCD to be viewed when detached from the portable personal computer. In accordance with an important aspect of the invention, the LCD display is formed with a hinge which enables the viewing angle of the display to be fully adjustable in both a detached and attached position. The LCD display system also includes a latching mechanism which enables the display to be latched to the computer housing in all positions, thus preventing inadvertent removal and perhaps damage to the display. The stand assembly includes a base for carrying the LCD in a detached position and enabling the LCD display to be latched thereto in all viewing angle positions while enabling the viewing angle to be varied. The stand also includes a connector that is adapted to mate with a connector on the LCD display. The connector on the stand assembly is connected to a cable, which, in turn, is connected to an adapter assembly. The adapter assembly is adapted to be latched to the portable personal computer and includes a connector for mating with a corresponding connector on the portable personal computer.

Abstract: Endoscopic instrument having an elongated image guide adapted to be inserted through an opening in the human body. A prism is provided at one end of the image guide for directing images from a predetermined field of view through the image guide and means for. By tilting the prism relative to the image guide the field of view from which images are directed through the image guide is changed to provide continuous scanning for viewing and examining different features of internal cavities and hollow organs of the human body.

Abstract: Described are a preferred system and method for acquiring magnetic resonance signals which can be viewed stereoscopically in real or near-real time. The preferred stereoscopic MRI systems are interactive and allow for the adjustment of the acquired images in real time, for example to alter the viewing angle, contrast parameters, field of view, or position associated with the image, all advantageously facilitated by voice-recognition software.

Abstract: In an lighting device, light rays, which have been illuminated from a discharge tube onto a light-guiding body and have been released from a light-emitting surface of the light-guiding body, are converged toward the normal direction by prisms each of which has a triangle- column shape and is installed on a light-converging control plate. A visual-range control plate provides a transparent visual range with a predetermined viewing angle with respect to the normal direction, while providing an opaque visual range outside the predetermined viewing angle with respect to the normal direction. This arrangement makes it possible to improve the surface luminance of the lighting device and prevent the degradation of the display quality. Thus, it is possible to achieve high-luminance, high quality lighting devices.

Abstract: An enhanced liquid crystal display (LCD) design with minimal contrast ratio or color shift with increased viewing angle and with improved performance in high brightness environments has been developed. Contrast ratios of greater than 50 :1 have been demonstrated at ±60° (vertical and horizontal) on an active matrix LCD. The operating principles of the key components of this new design will be described.

Abstract: This study examines the effects of sentence perception across three speaker viewing angles: front view (0°), quarter view (45°), and side view (90°). The performance of a female adult with postlingual hearing loss was measured for accuracy at each angle. The present study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design where three treatment angles were randomly presented in every session. The percentage accuracy levels for each session were compared to determine the most effective treatment viewing angle of the speaker. The results indicated that the side-view angle was most effective, as the percentage gain of improvement was greatest in combination with the consistent upward trend of the data points across treatment sessions. The performance at front-view and quarter-view angles was also successful. The results of this preliminary effort indicate the value of treatment for visual sentence perception at all three angles, including the nontraditionally targeted side view.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic image system involving a composite picture, a second filter containing horizontal alternately polarized and/or colored bands and a first filter containing vertical alternately polarized and/or colored bands The first filter may be covered by a lenticular screen through which the image is perceived The invention can bring about an improvement in the image depth and range of viewing angle of 3-D lenticular pictures

Abstract: A 3D video viewing system is disclosed, wherein a special lenticular layer is attached on a video monitor which displays at least one interleaved image composed from a plurality of 2D views of a scene A method of determining the parameters for the lenticular layer is disclosed In particular, the width of the lenticules on the lenticular layer is determined by many factors, including the thickness, the curvature and the refractive index of the monitor; the number of 2D views to be composed into an interleaved image for display; the normal viewing distance; and the overall viewing angle of the lenticular layer itself A number of interleaving methods for composing a plurality of 2D views into a composite view are also disclosed

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display device and method of preparing the same, method of preparing liquid crystal oriented film, transfer mold for preparing oriented film of liquid crystal device and method of preparing the same, and transfer device of rugged pattern to the oriented film, which can produce oriented film with many uniformly oriented domains and liquid crystal display devices with large viewing angle The liquid crystal is clamped between a pair of substrates 20 of the oriented film 29 on the opposing surface The surface shape of the oriented film on the substrates of at least one side is formed by pressing mold 30, lots of uniformly oriented domains are formed on the surface shape of oriented film by the pressing mold due to the difference of the discovering direction or discovering angle of the pre-tilting angle of liquid crystal in the effective display surface

Abstract: — A wide-viewing-angle video display has been realized using a deformed-helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (DHF-LC) in combination with a diode active matrix. The DHF-LC is operated in the symmetric mode (ac driving), preventing the occurrence of image sticking. The application of a reset pulse before the select pulse results in a much better step response of the display and in lower drive voltages. These effects have also been calculated by making use of the electronic equivalent circuit of DHF-LC. The display has a contrast ratio of 25 and a transmission 55% that of a twisted-nematic cell.

Abstract: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry is considered one of the most promising techniques for global topographic mapping. The additional potential of electronically steering the antenna range beam allows a significant increase in the observation frequency of selected areas, which is required for natural disaster monitoring and management and for observing time-varying phenomena. This paper deals with a mathematical model describing the SAR viewing geometry as a function of the off-nadir viewing angle. Quantitative results are obtained by simulating a spaceborne Tethered SAR Interferometer, which has been proposed for global topographic mapping. This system is based on two antennae, separated by a long flexible tether, with one transmitting and both receiving the return signal. A statistical approach is used to select the orbit which best fits the mission requirements and allows frequent observations. In particular, it is possible to access 95 percent of the Earth surface in less than 5 days.