Abstract: A 7-in-diagonal active-matrix color LCD with 520 × 520 pixels addressed by a-Si thin-film transistors has been developed. The display has a wide viewing angle and a contrast ratio of 4 under intense 100 000-lx illumination. The construction and performance of the panel are described in this paper.

Abstract: The present invention provides a projector having particular application for use in front projection composite photographic systems. In particular, the present invention relates to composite color photography, whether still, motion picture, or video in which foreground and background scenes are separately recorded and subsequently combined, using known "blue screen" or special background color techniques, to form a single image. The present invention includes a high pressure, short arc, mercury-xenon lamp in an optical system to produce a high intensity beam at wavelengths of either: 436 n.m. (blue); 545 n.m. (green); 589 n.m. (yellow) or 650+ n.m. (red). The selected color beam is then manipulated by optical elements into close correspondence to the viewing angle of a camera lens, and made coincident with the camera view by means of a beam splitter. Unwanted light is removed from the system through a "light trap" which traps and systematically absorbs incident light. The projected beam proceeds along the axis of the camera view to a retro-reflective projection screen, and returns therefrom along the same axis to the camera lens. Foreground subject matter interposed between the camera and the retro-reflective screen will therefore be combined with the image on the screen of the predetermined color, for subsequent compositing by methods known to the art.

Abstract: As part of the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment, 58 infrared satellite images were analyzed for the magnitude and source of their errors in predicting sea surface temperature. Comparisons with near-surface thermistors on moorings and differences between images from consecutive days showed that a two-channel atmospheric correction using the 3.7-μ m and the 11-μ m channels was ineffective in reducing errors. Large systematic errors, which have the form of a constant over an image, were found in both channels. A simple viewing angle correction reduced fluctuations in the area-mean 11-μ m channel temperature from 0.74° to 0.45°C; a satisfactory correction could not be found for the larger fluctuations in the 3.7-μ m channel, which appears to be degraded by reflected or scattered solar radiation. By taking account of the known dependence of atmospheric effects on viewing angle geometry, it was possible to isolate the primary causes of error, to estimate typical magnitudes, and to correct for them. The 11-μ m channel temperature error from the northern California atmosphere was found to be nearly constant in time over a 100-day period, but to vary slowly with distance from the coast.

Abstract: A 9-in-diagonal active-matrix liquid-crystal display with 640 × 400 pixels addressed by a-Si thin-film transistors has been developed. The display has a high contrast ratio and wide viewing angle. The construction and performance of the panel are described in this paper.

Abstract: A simplified analysis is made on the viewing angle characteristics of ECB type multicolored LCDs having no twist, under the assumption that the incident light beam is applied obliquely to the plane including the directors. In addition to making Δn. d small, a symmetric configuration of molecular orientation is found theoretically to be favorable for any applied voltages to improve the viewing angle characteristic. The symmetric configuration means a symmetry which is like a mirror image with respect to the midplane in the layer of a liquid crystal. This has been experimentally confirmed hy thc use of a double-layered cell having such symmetric configuration. In fact, the widest viewing angle range of ∼±40° has been obtained in a double-layered pretilted HAN cell. It is rcvcalcd cxperimentally that, when the incident light beam lies in the plane normal to the plane including the directors, the purity of displayed color tends to decrease in the cell having the symmetric configuration, as the incide...

Abstract: A simple technique for determining the appropriate viewing angle rotations necessary to obtain images in any desired plane is presented, along with an explanation of the imaging coordinates used in magnetic resonance imaging. Viewing angle rotations caused a minimal loss in image quality but no loss in signal-to-noise ratio, and were found to be compatible with both multisection and multiecho acquisitions. Several examples that show the practical applications of these techniques are provided.

Abstract: In a LC matrix display with an internal reflector and an internal measuring reticle metal electrodes made of chromium, nickel, aluminum or some other metal are used as the internal reflector. By a special configuration of electrodes it is achieved that the measuring reticle is formed in the LC layer itself as a consequence of the optical effects in the liquid crystal. By building in an internal reflector and an internal measuring reticle any parallax is removed when observing the signal curve as well as the measuring reticle and, additionally, a maximum viewing angle is assured.

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) surface display is an alternate way of presenting to the physician information that is available in a sequence of two-dimensional CT or MRI scans. The aim is to present organs (or parts of organs) as they would appear if they were removed from the body, possibly cut open, and viewed from user-selected directions. In recent years there have been a number of papers discussing the clinical utility of this approach. In nearly all these papers the presentation of the surface consists of single images of the objects of interest. In these monoscopic images, depth perception is conveyed by the differential shading that is computed as if light were shining on the surface. This is augmented by the silhouette of the external features. Since shading is dependent on the distance from the light source and the angle of the surface to the light rays, these two effects may oppose each other, especially with perception of details in depths of cavities. In addition, the detail inside a cavity cannot be silhouetted at any viewing angle. Since many anatomical surfaces have significant information in the depths of cavities (e.g., orbits, neural foramina, cardiac cavities), the addition of stereoscopic depth perception and motion should be clinically useful. In a recent article, we presented 3D surface displays in stereo, thereby providing an important additional cue for correct 3D depth perception. Here we discuss issues of software and hardware for dynamic stereo display and for 3D interaction with the stereoscopic images.

Abstract: A viewing angle colour sensitive lighting accessory comprising a sheet member (1) capable of transmitting light, emitting from a visible light source (2), forwardly towards an area from which light is to be perceived, at least one optical interference multilayer coating (3) on the sheet member and means (4, 6) for securing the sheet member to the light source. The coating has a transmittance which is a function of wavelength and angle of incidence, and in most instances, of state of polarization of the visible light thereto so that the light perceived from the light source has a particular colouration and, if desired, polarization at a particular viewing angle to the coating. The light source may be, for example, an incandescent light source or a light guide, or any other luminaire. The means for securing the sheet member to the light source preferably removably secures the sheet member thereto.

Abstract: The invention uses a strip of infra-red detectors comprising a cold screen of the type that provides a constant viewing angle for all the directors in a direction that is prependicular to the axis of the strip. Two cylindrical mirrors are set at the ends of the strip and placed in the heated part of the cryostat containing the strip and the cold screen. The shape and dimensions of the mirrors as well as their positions are chosen so that the detector placed in the center of the strip detects, through reflection in two mirrors, only cold surfaces while the other detectors detect heated surfaces, through reflection in the two mirrors, in a proportion that increases with distance from the central detector of the strip, so that, along the axis of the strip, every detector has a substantially constant viewing angle. Applications: large-sized strips, for example in space applications.