TL;DR: This article reviews studies examining the effect of professional education on ethical development and concludes that assessment methods have been validated for sensitivity, reasoning, role concept and ethical implementation that could be adapted to provide individuals in a particular profession with a more complete picture of abilities needed for real-life professional practice.
Abstract: This article reviews studies examining the effect of professional education on ethical development Most studies limit assessment to the measurement of moral judgement, observing that moral judgement plateaus during professional school unless an ethics intervention is present Whereas interventions influence the shift to postconventional reasoning (the DIT P score), a more illuminating picture of change may emerge if researchers examined DIT profiles More importantly, limiting assessment to measures of moral judgement ignores important aspects of moral functioning suggested by the Four Component Model Assessment methods have been validated for sensitivity, reasoning, role concept and ethical implementation that could be adapted to provide individuals in a particular profession with a more complete picture of abilities needed for real-life professional practice
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the issues of health care in the developing world, focusing on the following areas: health care, health care regulation, and health care provision.
Abstract: ARTICLES FEATURED in the ENCYCLOPEDIA: Abortion. Accounting and Business Ethics. Acts and Omissions. Adoption. Advance Directives. Advertising. Affirmative Action. Aged Persons, Societal Attitudes Toward. Ageism. Agricultural Ethics. AIDS. AIDS in the Developing World. AIDS Treatment and Bioethics in South Africa. Alternative Medicine. Altruism and Economics. Animal Research. Animal Rights. Anthropocentrism. Applied Ethics, Challenges To. Applied Ethics, Overview. Archaeological Ethics. Aristotelian Ethics. Arts, The. Auditing Practices. Authority in Education. Autonomy. Biocentrism. Biodiversity. Bioethics, Overview. Biotechnology. Birth-Control Ethics. Birth-Control Technology. Brain Death. Broadcast Journalism. Buddhism. Business and Economic Ethics, Overview. Capital Punishment. Casuistry. Censorship. Child Abuse. Children's Rights. Christian Ethics, Protestant. Christian Ethics, Roman Catholic. Citizenship. Civil Disobedience. Civilian Populations in War, Targeting Of. Codes of Ethics. Coercive Treatment in Psychiatry. Collective Guilt. Communitarianism. Computer and Information Ethics. Computer Security. Confidentiality, General Issues Of. Confidentiality of Sources. Conflict of Interest. Confucianism. Consequentialism and Deontology. Conservation (Stewardship). Consumer Rights. Contractarian Ethics. Corporal Punishment. Corporate Responsibility. Corporations, Ethics In. Courtroom Proceedings, Reporting Of. Crime and Society. Custody of Children. Darwinism. Death, Definition Of. Death, Medical Aspects Of. Death, Societal Attitudes Toward. Deep Ecology. Development Ethics. Development Issues. Disability Rights. Discourse Ethics. Discrimination, Concept Of. Distributive Justice, Theories Of. Divorce. Do-Not-Resuscitate Decisions. Drugs: Moral and Legal Issues. Ecological Balance. Egoism and Altruism. Election Strategies. Electronic Surveillance. Embryology, Ethics Of. Environmental Compliance By Industry. Environmental Economics. Environmental Ethics, Overview. Environmental Impact Assessment. Environmental Justice. Epicurianism. Equality and Egalitarianism. Ethics and Social Services, Overview. Ethics Education in Schools. Ethnocultural Minority Groups, Status and Treatment Of. Eugenics. Euthanasia. Evolutionary Perspectives in Ethics. Executive Compensation. Existentialism. Exploitation. Family, The. Female Circumcision and Genital Mutilation. Feminist Ethics. Feminist Jurisprudence. Fetal Research. Fetus. Freedom of Speech. Freedom of the Press in the U.S. Freudianism. Friendship. Gaia Hypothesis. Gambling. Game Theory. Gender Roles. Gene Therapy. Genetic Counselling. Genetic Engineering. Genetic Research. Genetics and Behaviour. Genetic Screening. Genetic Technology, Legal Regulation Of. Genome Analysis. Government Funding of Research. Greek Ethics, Overview. Gun Control. Hazardous and Toxic Substances. Health and Disease, Concept Of. Health Care Financing. Hedonism. Higher Education, Ethics Of. Hinduism. Homelessness. Homicide, Criminal Vs. Justifiable. Homosexuality, Societal Attitudes Toward. Honor Codes. Human Nature, Views Of. Human Research Subjects, Selection Of. Humanism. Imperialism. Improper Payments and Gifts. Indigenous Rights. Infertility. Information Management. Informed Consent. Insanity, Legal Concept Of. Intelligence Testing. Internet Protocol. Investment, Ethics Of. Islam. Judaism. Jury Conduct. Juvenile Crime. Kantianism. Land-Use Issues. Leadership, Ethics Of. Legal Ethics, Overview. Liberalism. Life, Concept Of. Literature and Ethics. Machiavellianism. Marxism. Media Depiction of Ethnic Minorities. Media Ownership. Medical Codes and Oaths. Medical Ethics, History Of. Medical Ethics, Use of Historical Evidence In. Medical Futility. Mental Health. Mental Illness, Concept Of. Mercy and Forgiveness. Mergers and Acquisitions. Military Codes of Behaviour. Moral Development. Moral Relativism. National Security Issues. Native American Cultures. Nature Vs. Nurture. Nuclear Deterrence. Nuclear Power. Nuclear Testing. Nuclear Warfare. Nurses' Ethics. Objectivity in Reporting. Organ Transplants and Donors. Pacifism. Painism. Palliative Care. Patents. Paternalism. Patients' Rights. Perfectionism. Personal Relationships. Placebo Treatment. Plagiarism and Forgery. Platonism. Playing God. Pluralism in Education. Police Accountability. Police and Race Relations. Political Correctness. Political Ecology. Political Obligation. Population Ethics. Pornography. Poststructuralism. Poverty. Precautionary Principle. Preventive Medicine. Privacy. Privacy Vs. Public Right to Know. Professional Ethics. Property Rights. Prostitution. Psychiatric Ethics. Psychopharmacology and Drug Market. Psychosurgery and Physical Brain Manipulation. Public Defenders. Public Relations Industry. Publish-Or-Perish Syndrome. Quality of Life Indicators. Racism. Rape. Religion and Ethics. Religion in Schools. Reproductive Technologies. Research Ethics. Research Ethics Committees. Research Methods and Policies. Resource Allocation. Rights Theory. Safety Laws (Seat Belts, Public Smoking, Etc.). Science and Engineering Ethics, Overview. Scientific Publishing. Self-Deception. Sex Equality. Sexism. Sexual Content in Films and Television. Sexual Harassment. Sexual Orientation. Sikhism. Slavery. Slippery Slope Arguments. Social Ethics, Overview. Social Security. Social Welfare and Finance of Social Services. Social Work. Speciesism. Sports, Ethics Of. Stoicism. Strikes. Suggestion, Ethics Of. Suicide. Sustainability. Tabloid Journalism. Taoism. Terrorism. Theories of Ethics, Overview. Theories of Justice: Human Needs. Theories of Justice: Rawls. Thomism. Tourism. Trade Secrets and Proprietary Information. Transsexualism. Trust. Truth-Telling as Constitutive of Journalism. Undercover Investigations, Ethics Of. Utilitarianism. Vegetarianism. Veterinary Ethics. Victimless Crimes. Violence in Films and Television. Virtue Ethics. Warfare, Codes Of. Warfare, Tactics and Strategies. Welfare Policies. Whistle-Blowing. Wildlife Conservation. Women's Rights. Workplace Ethics. World Ethics. Zoos and Zoological Parks.
TL;DR: It is shown that veterinary surgeons regularly face ethical dilemmas and that they find these stressful, and supports the case for increased provision of training and support, especially for those who entered the profession before undergraduate ethics teaching was widely available.
Abstract: The scale of the ethical challenges faced by veterinary surgeons and their perceived stressful consequences were investigated via a short questionnaire, completed by 58 practising veterinary surgeons. Respondents were asked to report how frequently they faced ethical dilemmas, and to rate on a simple numerical scale (zero to 10) how stressful they found three common scenarios. Fifty seven per cent of respondents reported that they faced one to two dilemmas per week, while 34 per cent stated they typically faced three to five dilemmas per week. The three scenarios provided were all rated as highly stressful with 'client wishing to continue treatment despite poor animal welfare' rated as the most stressful (median 9). The female veterinary surgeons gave two of the scenarios significantly higher stress ratings than the male veterinary surgeons. Stress ratings were not influenced by number of years in practice (which ranged from one to more than 25 years). The results show that veterinary surgeons regularly face ethical dilemmas and that they find these stressful. This has implications for the wellbeing of veterinary surgeons and supports the case for increased provision of training and support, especially for those who entered the profession before undergraduate ethics teaching was widely available.
TL;DR: Part I: Theory Social, Personal, and Professional Ethics Ethical Vectors in Veterinary Medicine The Anatomy of Ethical Decision Making
Abstract: Part I: Theory Social, Personal, and Professional Ethics Ethical Vectors in Veterinary Medicine The Anatomy of Ethical Decision Making The Nature of Ethical Theory Effecting Ethical Change The Fundamental Question of Veterinary Ethics New Patterns of Animal Use Articulating a New Ethic for Animals Veterinarians and the New Social Ethic for Animals How Veterinary Medicine Should Respond to the New Ethic:The Case of Animal Research Veterinarians and Farm Animal Welfare Subtle Advantages of Pursuing Companion Animal Welfare Pain in Veterinary (and Human) Scientific Medicine Part II: Cases
TL;DR: The author has worked with the AVMA to develop new curricular guidelines and practice standards, and lectures widely to veterinarians, medical researchers and the public on important ethical issues.
Abstract: This text discusses the various ethical dilemmas faced by veterinarians. It is comprehensive in scope and focuses on consideration of the client and patient in all decision-making. A section on high-tech procedures promotes awareness of the veterinarian's role and responsibility with state-of-the-art equipment, procedures and associated effects and costs. Case studies are included that allow readers to apply principles to real life practice situations. The author has worked with the AVMA to develop new curricular guidelines and practice standards, and lectures widely to veterinarians, medical researchers and the public on important ethical issues.