TL;DR: This work has shown that vanadium-protein interactions with nucleic acids, as well as other systems, are related to dopamine-substituted bleomycin and J-monooxygenase respectively.
TL;DR: Vanadium-protein interactions (i) Vanadium transferrin (ii) Vanadoenzymes (a) vanadium bromoperoxidase (b)Vanadium nitrogenase (c) Vanadyl-substituted bleomycin (d) vanadyl substituted dopamine/J-monooxygenase (e.g., vanadocene interaction with nucleic acids) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: F. Organisms that accumulate vanadium ......... (i) Amanita muscaria (ii) Tunicates G. Vanadium-protein interactions (i) Vanadium transferrin (ii) Vanadoenzymes (a) Vanadium bromoperoxidase (b) Vanadium nitrogenase H. Other systems (i) Vanadyl-substituted bleomycin (ii) Vanadyl-substituted dopamine /J-monooxygenase (iii) Vanadocene interaction with nucleic acids .... I. Summary and a look to the future Acknowledgements References
TL;DR: The results indicate that the apoptotic signal of vanadocene complexes is not triggered by primary DNA damage and it does not require p53 induction, thereby disproving the hypothesis that it mechanistically resembles the cytotoxic action of cisplatin.
TL;DR: The results provide unprecedented evidence that metallocene complexes containing vanadium(IV), especially VDSeCN, may be useful as contraceptive agents and sperm-immobilizing activity of the vanadocene complexes was rapid and irreversible.
Abstract: We have used computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) to evaluate the spermicidal activity of 8 metallocene dihalides (vanadocene dichloride [VDC], titanocene dichloride [TDC], zirconocene dichloride [ZDC], molybdocene dichloride [MDC], hafnocene dichloride [HDC], vanadocene dibromide [VDB], bis[methylcyclopentadienyl] vanadium dichloride [VMDC], and vanadocene diiodide [VDI]); 5 vanadocene di-pseudohalides (vanadocene diazide [VDA], vanadocene dicyanide [VDCN], vanadocene dioxycyanate [VDOCN], vanadocene dithiocyanate [VDSCN], and vanadocene diselenocyanate [VDSeCN]); and 3 disubstituted derivatives (vanadocene ditriflate [VDT], vanadocene monochloro oxycyanate [VDCO], and vanadocene monochloro acetonitrilo tetrachloro ferrate [VDFe]). Whereas the metallocene complexes containing titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, and hafnodium were inactive, all 12 vanadocene complexes elicited potent spermicidal activity at nano-micromolar concentrations with an order of efficacy VDSeCN > VDSCN > VDB > VMDC > VDCN > VDA > VDC > VDOCN > VDI > VDT > VDFe > VDCO without disrupting the acrosomal membrane, as determined by high-resolution low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. The sperm-immobilizing activity of the vanadocene complexes was rapid and irreversible, since the treated sperm underwent apoptosis as determined by the flow cytometric annexin V binding assay, DNA nick end-labeling, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. These results provide unprecedented evidence that metallocene complexes containing vanadium(IV), especially VDSeCN, may be useful as contraceptive agents.