TL;DR: In this paper, the role of patents and utility models in innovation and economic growth varies by level of economic development, and the importance of patent protection is an important determinant of innovation and that patentable innovations contribute to economic growth in developed countries, but not in developing.
TL;DR: Assessing the strengths, weaknesses, and general applicability of the computing-as-utility business model suggests that the business model is likely to grow in the coming years.
Abstract: Assessing the strengths, weaknesses, and general applicability of the computing-as-utility business model.
TL;DR: The paper makes the case for a more complete utility model that considers the complexity of the system by incorporating all feedback loops, which is the first known application of System Dynamics to water and wastewater network management.
TL;DR: It is argued that to the extent that Chinese firms have been deeply embedded in China’s informal institutions, they are less responsive to formal institutional changes than Western firms operating in China.
Abstract: This study develops a novel conceptual framework to understand the differential impact of formal institutional regime shift in intellectual property rights on the innovation and patenting strategies of Chinese and Western firms operating in China. We argue that to the extent that Chinese firms have been deeply embedded in China’s informal institutions, they are less responsive to formal institutional changes than Western firms operating in China. Using the major China patent law reform of 2001 as an exogenous event, we find results consistent with our key arguments: With the strengthening of the previously weak (utility model) patent protection, Chinese firms are less likely to apply for such patents to safeguard their innovations than Western firms. However, this difference becomes less pronounced in regions with higher quality intellectual property rights and legal institutions that foster research and development and innovation, and when Western firms gain longer operational experience in China. This s...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the interrelationship between IP law and technology transfer via licensing activity in China and found that the enactment and enforcement of such laws in developing countries should result in greater international IP flows from advanced nation firms seeking to exploit market opportunities by exporting, licensing and direct foreign investment.