Topic
Universal Immunization Programme
About: Universal Immunization Programme is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 95 publications have been published within this topic receiving 770 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The challenges faced in delivering lifesaving vaccines to the targeted beneficiaries need to be addressed from the existing knowledge and learning from the past to derive lessons for policy direction to expand the benefits of vaccination in India.
Abstract: The challenges faced in delivering lifesaving vaccines to the targeted beneficiaries need to be addressed from the existing knowledge and learning from the past. This review documents the history of vaccines and vaccination in India with an objective to derive lessons for policy direction to expand the benefits of vaccination in the country. A brief historical perspective on smallpox disease and preventive efforts since antiquity is followed by an overview of 19 th century efforts to replace variolation by vaccination, setting up of a few vaccine institutes, cholera vaccine trial and the discovery of plague vaccine. The early twentieth century witnessed the challenges in expansion of smallpox vaccination, typhoid vaccine trial in Indian army personnel, and setting up of vaccine institutes in almost each of the then Indian States. In the post-independence period, the BCG vaccine laboratory and other national institutes were established; a number of private vaccine manufacturers came up, besides the continuation of smallpox eradication effort till the country became smallpox free in 1977. The Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) (1978) and then Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) (1985) were launched in India. The intervening events since UIP till India being declared non-endemic for poliomyelitis in 2012 have been described. Though the preventive efforts from diseases were practiced in India, the reluctance, opposition and a slow acceptance of vaccination have been the characteristic of vaccination history in the country. The operational challenges keep the coverage inequitable in the country. The lessons from the past events have been analysed and interpreted to guide immunization efforts.
151 citations
TL;DR: Analyzing the disease and financial burden alleviated across India's population through increasing vaccination rates and introducing a rotavirus vaccine significantly alleviates disease andFinancial burden in Indian households concludes that population subgroups or regions with low existing immunization coverage benefit most from the intervention.
60 citations
TL;DR: S. pneumoniae was the commonest cause of bacterial meningitis in hospitalized children under five years of age in India and will also eventually help in post-vaccination impact evaluation.
Abstract: Background Worldwide, acute bacterial meningitis is a major cause of high morbidity and mortality among under five children, particularly in settings where vaccination for H. influenzae type b, S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis is yet to be introduced in the national immunization programs. Estimation of disease burden of bacterial meningitis associated with these pathogens can guide the policy makers to consider inclusion of these newer vaccines in the immunization programs. A network of hospital based sentinel surveillance was established to generate baseline data on the burden of bacterial meningitis among children aged less than 5 years in India and to provide a platform for impact assessment following introduction of the Pentavalent and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCV). Methods During surveillance carried out in select hospitals across India in 2012-2013, information regarding demographics, immunization history, clinical history, treatment details and laboratory investigations viz. CSF biochemistry, culture, latex agglutination and PCR was collected from children aged 1 to 59 months admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis. Results A total of 3104 suspected meningitis cases were enrolled from 19,670 children admitted with fever at the surveillance hospitals. Of these, 257 cases were confirmed as cases of meningitis. They were due to S. pneumoniae (82.9%), H. influenzae type b (14.4%) and N. meningitidis (2.7%). Highest prevalence (55.3%) was observed among children 1 to 11 months. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed considerable resistance among S. pneumoniae isolates against commonly used antibiotics such as cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, penicillin, and cefotaxime. More commonly prevalent serotypes of S. pneumoniae in circulation included 6B, 14, 6A and 19F. More than 90% of serotypes identified were covered by Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13. Conclusions We observed that S. pneumoniae was the commonest cause of bacterial meningitis in hospitalized children under five years of age in India. Continued surveillance is expected to provide valuable information and trends in future, to take an informed decision on introduction of pneumococcal vaccination in Universal Immunization Programme in India and will also eventually help in post-vaccination impact evaluation.
51 citations
TL;DR: India became one of the first countries in Asia to introduce rotavirus vaccine and the new vaccine introduction strengthened the programme rather than burdening it.
49 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This study is an attempt to evaluate immunization coverage of children as well as mothers under UIP in urban slums of Jamnagar city (Gujarat).
Abstract: Infectious diseases are major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. One of the most cost effective and easy method for child survival is immunization. In May 1974 the World Health Organization (WHO) officially launched a global immunization programme known as Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) to protect all the children of the world against six vaccine preventable diseases by the year 2000. EPI launched in India in January 1978 was redesignated as Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) since 1985. UIP has been able to avert many deaths because of the six childhood diseases. Present study is an attempt to evaluate immunization coverage of children as well as mothers under UIP in urban slums of Jamnagar city (Gujarat). (excerpt)
45 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 6 |
| 2020 | 7 |
| 2019 | 5 |
| 2018 | 7 |
| 2017 | 7 |
| 2016 | 8 |