Abstract: An element r in a ring R is clean if r is a sum of a unit and an idempotent Camillo and Yu showed that unit regular rings are clean and in a very surprising development Nicholson and Varadarajan showed that linear transformations on countable dimension vector spaces over division rings are clean These rings are very far from being unit regular Here we note that an idempotent is just a root of g(x)=x^{2}-x For any g(x) we say R is g(x) -clean if every r in R is a sum of a root of g(x) and a unit We show that if V is a countable dimensional vector space and over a division ring D and g(x) is any polynomial with coefficients in K={\text Center}D and two distinct roots in K , then {\text End}V_D is g(x) -clean

Abstract: To a given Pisot unitwe associate a finite abelian group whose size appears to be equal to the discriminant of �. We call it the Pisot group and find its representation in the two-sided �-compactum in the case ofsatisfying the relation Fin(�) = Z(�) \ (0,1). As a motivation for the definition, we show that the Pisot group is the kernel of some important arithmetic coding of the toral automorphism given by the companion matrix naturally associated with �.

Abstract: Let H be a Hopf algebra with a bijective antipode over a commutative ring k with unit. The Brauer group of H is defined as the Brauer group of Yetter–Drinfel’d H-module algebras, which generalizes the Brauer–Long group of a commutative and cocommutative Hopf algebra and those known Brauer groups of structured algebras.

Abstract: Fix a squarefree integer N and let f be a newform of weight 2 for Γ0(N); we assume that f does not have complex multiplication. It was shown in [14] and [15] that for a set of primes l of density 1 the naive deformation theory of the mod l Galois representation associated to f is unobstructed (in the sense that the universal deformation ring is a power series ring over the Witt vectors). In [31] these methods were modified to obtain results on the deformation problems studied by Taylor-Wiles. In this paper we extend the results of Flach and Mazur to the case of newforms f of weight κ ≥ 2 for Γ1(N). We now state our results more precisely. Fix l > max{5, κ+1}, let f be as above and let H be the associated l-adic representation: H is a free module of rank 2 over a certain Hecke algebra A, which itself is a finite, flat, local, Gorenstein Zl-algebra. Let T be the Tate twist EndAH(1) of the module of trace zero endomorphisms of H. Using techniques of Flach we construct a collection of cohomology classes {c} in H(Q, T ) with tightly controlled ramification. With some mild additional hypotheses, applying the methods of Kolyvagin to these classes yields a certain annihilator η ∈ A of the Selmer group H f (Q, T ∗) of the Cartier dual of T . This Selmer group is dual to the differentials ΩR⊗RA, where R is the universal minimally ramified deformation ring of the residual representation of H. In the case that η is a unit this then implies that both R and A are isomorphic to the ring of Witt vectors over the residue field of A. In the general case, following Mazur we show that our construction yields a derivation from A to the Selmer group H f (Q, T/ηT ); it follows by a formal argument that the natural surjection R A induces an isomorphism ΩR⊗RA ∼= ΩA. Although not the strongest possible result, this does provide a great deal of information on the structure of the ring R. (It is possible that any such map R A must be an isomorphism, although as far as I know this question remains open.) We also show that the isomorphism ΩR⊗RA ∼= ΩA is characterized by the fact that ΩA ∼= ΩR⊗RA ∼= HomZl ( H f (Q, T ),Ql/Zl )

Abstract: In this paper we show that if K is an incline with multiplicative identity and I is an r-ideal of k containing a unit u, then I = K. Moreover, we show that in a non-zero incline K with multiplicative identity and zero element, every proper r-ideal in K is contained in a maximal r-ideal of K.

Abstract: Our first motivation was the question: can a countable structure have an automorphism group, which a free uncountable group? This is answered negatively in [Sh:744]. Lecturing in a conference in Rutgers, February 2001, I was asked whether I am really speaking on Polish groups. We can prove this using a more restrictive condition on the set of equations. Parallel theorems, hold for semi groups and for metric algebras, e.g. with non-isolated unit. Here we do the general case. For instance we show that there is no Polish group which as a group is free and uncountable.

Abstract: Introduction The process of introducing fractions in a ring, or localization, has been applied in many different ways in algebra and geometry, and more recently it has also been used for noncommutative rings. Our object here is to survey the different methods of forming fractions, with particular emphasis on the noncommutative case. After a statement of the problem in §2 we look in §3 at different classes of rings that permit the introduction of fractions but are not embeddable in skew fields, and in §4 describe some topological methods. §5 deals with fractions in a general ring, including a statement of the necessary and sufficient conditions for embeddability in a skew field. Various classes of rings are considered in §6 and specific examples of such rings are given in §7. I should like to thank George Bergman, whose careful reading provided comments which resulted in a number of improvements. I am also indebted to a referee whose comments helped to clarify the text. Throughout, all rings are associative, with a unit element, denoted by 1, which is inherited by subrings, preserved by homomorphisms and which acts unitally on modules. If 1 ≠ 0 and every non-zero element has an inverse, we speak of a skew field , but we shall frequently omit the prefix “skew”, so that a “field” will mean a not necessarily commutative division ring.

Abstract: By a generalized Tannaka-Krein reconstruction we associate to the admissible representations of the category O of a Kac-Moody algebra, and its category of admissible duals a monoid with a coordinate ring. The Kac-Moody group is the Zariski open dense unit group of this monoid. The restriction of the coordinate ring to the Kac-Moody group is the algebra of strongly regular functions introduced by Kac and Peterson. This monoid has similar structural properties as a reductive algebraic monoid. In particular it is unit regular, its idempotents related to the faces of the Tits cone. It has Bruhat and Birkhoff decompositions. The Kac-Moody algebra is isomorphic to the Lie algebra of this monoid.

Abstract: Let R be a ring and (S, ≤) a strictly totally ordered monoid which satisfies the condition that 0 ≤ s for every s ∈ S. This paper shows that R is a quasi-Baer ring if and only if the ring [[Rs,≤]] of generalized power series over R is a quasi-Baer ring.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an arithmetic unit for which security is ensured when a fast arithmetic operation is performed by using a requested calculation. SOLUTION: When obtaining an inverse element of secret information, an element of a finite field, a personal box 102 multiplies the secret information by a random number and requests a personal computer 101 to calculate the inverse element of the multiplication result. The personal box receives the calculation result from the computer 101, and then it calculates the inverse element of the secret information by multiplying the calculation result by the random number.

Abstract: For the 2-monad ((−) 2 ,I , C )o nCAT, with unit I described by identities and multiplication C described by composition, we show that a functor F : K 2 K satisfying FI K =1 K admits a unique, normal, pseudo-algebra structure for (−) 2 if and only if there is a mere natural isomorphism F · F 2 � F · CK. We show that when this is the case the set of all natural transformations F · F 2 F · CK formsa commutative monoid isomorphic to the centre of K.

Abstract: If G is a finite group and K is a field of characteristic 0, then every element a in the group algebra KG has a unique additive Jordan decomposition a 1⁄4 as þ an with as; an 2 KG; as semisimple, an nilpotent and asan 1⁄4 anas. If a is a unit in KG, then as is also a unit and a has a unique multiplicative Jordan decomposition a 1⁄4 asau with au 1⁄4 1þ a 1 s an unipotent and asau 1⁄4 auas. When R is an integral domain with quotient field K and a 2 RG, it may or may not be the case that as 2 RG. If this happens to be the case for all a 2 RG (resp. for all units in RG), then we say that the additive ðresp. multiplicativeÞ Jordan decomposition holds in RG and will use the initials AJD (resp. MJD) to denote this situation. These properties have been investigated in a series of papers (1⁄21 4 ) and the previous paragraph borrows heavily from the introduction to a paper of Arora, Hales and Passi,1⁄22 where fundamental definitions and a more detailed account can be found. Of particular interest is the problem of classifying those finite groups G for which the integral group ring ZG has

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an information display unit allowing to have the easiness to understand and familiarity on an operation and appearance in the image display method of a monitor where various information is displayed SOLUTION: This information display unit is provided with display control means 31 and 34 for outputting an image signal to a monitor 16 to make the monitor 16 display an image and selecting means 6 and 20 for selecting a part of the image displayed at the monitor 16 Display control means 31 and 34 make the monitor 16 display a base ring 58 for forming a circular information display part and satellite buttons 59a to 59i formed so as to be selectable by selecting means 6 and 20, and arranged in the surrounding of the base ring 58 COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce operating costs. SOLUTION: It is discriminated as to whether a point P on an elliptic curve defined on a finite field GF (q) is an element in the partial group of a GF (q ) rational point group on this elliptic curve. Σ i0 ϕ P is calculated, where ϕis Frobenius mapping of P, and it is discriminated whether the result is a unit element of the partial group for conducting this discrimination. Calculation of Σ i0 ϕ P is constituted of, for example, a ϕ-fold P computing device, and an elliptic adder is as shown in Figure 2, and the number of times of elliptic addition is reduced in comparison with conventional calculation.

Abstract: Let R be a regular ring essentially of finite type over a perfect field k. An R-module M is called a unit R[F]-module if it comes equipped with an isomorphism F*M-->M where F denotes the Frobenius map on Spec R, and F* is the associated pullback functor. It is well known that M then carries a natural D-module structure. In this paper we investigate the relation between the unit R[F]-structure and the induced D-structure on M. In particular, it is shown that, if k is algebraically closed and M is a simple finitely generated unit R[F]-module, then it is also simple as a D-module. An example showing the necessity of k being algebraically closed is also given.

Abstract: Let A be an archimedean f-algebra with unit element e, B be an archimedean semiprime f-algebra and T : A → B be a lattice (or Riesz) homomorphism. The main purpose of this paper is to show, in straightforward and elementary manner, that the range R(T) of T is an f-subalgebra of B if and only if Te is idempotent in B.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To firmly fix additional masses to all the outer rings of a double row bearing, and to precisely measure a resonance frequency based on total of bearing rigidities in all the row. SOLUTION: In this resonance measuring instrument 20 for a bearing unit of the present invention, the each additional mass 22 is constituted of an elastic ring 30 having an inside diameter 30a larger than an outside diameter of the outer ring 24 of the bearing 25, and expandable radially, and a fixing ring 31 having great rigidity and fit around the elastic ring 30. The elastic ring 30 is engaged with the outer ring 24, the fixing ring 31 is thereafter engaged with the elastic ring 30 to press the elastic ring 30 radially, and the inside diameter 30a of the elastic ring 30 is contracted to fix the additional mass 22 to the bearing unit 21. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate partially unit-regularity. We show that R is partially unit-regularity. We show that R is partially unit-regular if and only if whenever ab and ba are strongly π-regular, there exists a u ∈ U (R) such that = . Furthermore, we show that if T is the ring of a Morita context (A,B,M,N,ψ,φ) with zero pairings, then T is partially unit-regular if and only if so are A and B.

Abstract: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionVolume 35, Issue 2 p. 216-219 Case Reports Difficult Management Choices For Infants With Short Bowel Syndrome and Liver Failure Kamal O. Hassan, Kamal O. Hassan The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorSusan V. Beath, Corresponding Author Susan V. Beath [email protected] The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamAddress correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Susan Beath, Consultant Paediatric Hepatologist, The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, West Midlands (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorPatrick J. McKiernan, Patrick J. McKiernan The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorDeirdre A. Kelly, Deirdre A. Kelly The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorSara E. Clarke, Sara E. Clarke Dietetic Department, Birmingham Childrens Hospital, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorAshwin Pimpilwar, Ashwin Pimpilwar The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorAdrian Bianchi, Adrian Bianchi Department of Surgery, Royal Manchester Childrens Hospital, Manchester, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJean de Ville de Goyet, Jean de Ville de Goyet The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this author Kamal O. Hassan, Kamal O. Hassan The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorSusan V. Beath, Corresponding Author Susan V. Beath [email protected] The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamAddress correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Susan Beath, Consultant Paediatric Hepatologist, The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, West Midlands (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorPatrick J. McKiernan, Patrick J. McKiernan The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorDeirdre A. Kelly, Deirdre A. Kelly The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorSara E. Clarke, Sara E. Clarke Dietetic Department, Birmingham Childrens Hospital, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorAshwin Pimpilwar, Ashwin Pimpilwar The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this authorAdrian Bianchi, Adrian Bianchi Department of Surgery, Royal Manchester Childrens Hospital, Manchester, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJean de Ville de Goyet, Jean de Ville de Goyet The Liver Unit, Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Trust, BirminghamSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 2002 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2002.tb07775.xCitations: 6 This case report was presented at the meeting of the British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition in Leeds, United Kingdom, in January 2001 under the title “Bianchi procedure, liver and/or small bowel transplantation: which option and when?” Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1Vanderhoof JA, Langnas AN, Pinch LW, et al. Short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1992; 14: 359–69. 10.1002/j.1536-4801.1992.tb10567.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2Puntis JWL. Home parenteral nutrition. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72: 186–90. 10.1136/adc.72.2.186 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3Parigi GB, Bragheri R, Minniti S, et al. How short must a bowel be to be a short bowel. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 1450. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4Thomas R, Powell W, Powell M. Early improvement in intestinal function after isoperistaltic bowel lengthening. J Pediatr Surg 1991; 31: 61–4. Google Scholar 5Beath SV, Booth IW, Murphy MS, et al. Nutritional care and candidates for small-bowel transplantation. Arch Dis in Child 1995; 73: 348–50. 10.1136/adc.73.4.348 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6Puntis JWL, Holden CE, Smallman S, et al. Staff training, a key factor in reducing intravascular catheter sepsis. Arch Dis Child 1991; 66: 335–7. 10.1136/adc.66.3.335 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7Zielgler MM. Short-bowel syndrome: remedial features that influence outcome and the duration of parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr 1997; 13: 335–6. 10.1016/S0022-3476(97)80050-9 Google Scholar 8Dollery CM, Sullivan ID, Bauraind O, et al. Pulmonary embolism and long term central venous access for parenteral nutrition. Lancet 1994; 344: 1043–5. 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91707-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9Colomb V, Goulet O, De Potter S, et al. Liver disease associated with long-term parenteral nutrition in children. Transplant Proc 1994; 26: 1467. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 10Steiger E, Srp F. Morbidity and mortality related to home parenteral nutrition in patients with gut failure. Am J Surg 1983; 145: 102–5. 10.1016/0002-9610(83)90174-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 11Thompson JS, Langnas AN, Pinch LW, et al. Surgical approach to short bowel syndrome. Ann Surg 1995, 222: 600–7. 10.1097/00000658-199522240-00016 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12Wolfe BM, Beer WH, Hayashi JT, et al. Experience with home parenteral nutrition Am J Surg 1983; 146: 7–14. 10.1016/0002-9610(83)90251-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 13Kurkchubasche AG, Smith SD, Rowe MI. Catheter sepsis in short bowel syndrome. Arch Surg 1992; 127: 21–5. 10.1001/archsurg.1992.01420010027004 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 14Pereira GR, Sherman MS, DiGiacomo J, et al. Hyperalimentation-induced cholestasis: increased incidence and severity in premature infants. Am J Dis Child 1981; 135: 842–5. 10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130330052017 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 15Thompson JS. Surgical considerations in the short bowel syndrome. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1993; 176: 89–101. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 16Bianchi A. Intestinal loop lengthening--a technique for increasing small intestinal length. J Pediatr Surg 1980; 15: 145–51. 10.1016/S0022-3468(80)80005-4 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 17Boeckman C, Traylor R. Bowel lengthening for short gut syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 1981; 16: 996–7. 10.1016/S0022-3468(81)80863-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 18Aigrain Y, Cornet D, Cezard JP, et al. Longitudinal division of small intestine: a surgical possibility for children with the very short bowel syndrome. Z Kinderchir 1985; 40: 233–6. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 19Thompson J, Vanderhoof JA, Antonson D. Intestinal tapering and lengthening for short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985; 4: 495–7. 10.1002/j.1536-4801.1985.tb08885.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 20Pokorny WJ, Fowler C. Isoperistaltic intestinal lengthening for short bowel syndrome. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991; 172: 39–43. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 21Thompson J, Pinch LW, Murray N, et al. Experience with intestinal lengthening for the short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 1991; 26: 721–4. 10.1016/0022-3468(91)90019-P CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 22Georgeson K, Halpin D, Figueroa R, et al. Sequential intestinal lengthening procedures for refractory short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 1991; 29: 316–21. 10.1016/0022-3468(94)90339-5 Google Scholar 23Bianchi A. Autologous gastrointestinal reconstruction. Semin Pediatr Surg 1991; 4: 54–9. Google Scholar 24Bianchi A. Longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring: results in 20 children. J R Soc Med 1997; 90: 429–32. 10.1177/014107689709000804 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 25Waag KL, Hosie S, Wessel L. What do children look like after longitudinal intestinal lengthening. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1999; 9: 260–2. 10.1055/s-2008-1072259 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 26Langnas AAN, Shaw BW, Antonson DL, et al. Preliminary experience with intestinal transplantation in infants and children. Pediatrics 1996; 98: 443–8. 10.1542/peds.97.4.443 Google Scholar 27Grant D. Current results of intestinal transplantation. Lancet 1996; 347: 1801–3. 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91619-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 28Sarfeh IJ, Aaronson S, Lombino D, et al. Selective impairment of nutrient absorption from intestines with chronic venous hypertension. Surgery 1986; 99: 166. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 29Muiesan P, Dhawan A, Novelli M, et al. Isolated liver transplant and sequential small bowel transplantation for intestinal failure and related liver disease in children. Transplantation 2000; 69: 2323–6. 10.1097/00007890-200006150-00017 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 30Lawrence JP, Dunn SP, Billmire DF, et al. Isolated liver transplantation for liver failure in patients with short bowel syndrome. J Ped Surg 1994; 29: 751–3. 10.1016/0022-3468(94)90361-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 31Gottrand F, Michaud L, Bonnevalle M, et al. Favourable nutritional outcome after isolated liver transplantation for liver failure in a child with short bowel syndrome. Transplantation 1999; 67: 632–4. 10.1097/00007890-199902270-00025 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume35, Issue2August 2002Pages 216-219 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Abstract: In this paper we investigate the related comparability over exchange rings. It is shown that an exchange ring R satisfies the related comparability if and only if for any regular x C R, there exists a related unit w C R and a group G in R such that wx C G.

Abstract: A hand guide ring for infusion stands, comprises a stainless steel or chromed ring (2) with shelf areas (3) and a clamping unit (4) which enables the height of the ring to be adjusted.

Abstract: Let R be a Noetherian domain and a an anti-integral element of degree t over R. Let a, b, c and d be elements of R such that ad―be is a unit of R and aa ― b is not zero. Set fi=――r. In this paper, we prove that /? is also an anti-integral element of degree t over R and J[a]―J[p\. By making use 0//[*]=/[/?], we prove that R[a~\/R is aflat extension if and only if so is R[fi]/R. Furthermore, we investigate a generalized denominator ideal I\j\. Let R be a Noetherian domain whose quotient field is K. Let R[X] be a polynomial ring over R in an indeterminate X. Let a be an element of an algebraic field extension of K and n: R[X] -≫ R\_a~\the R -algebra homomorphism defined by n (X) ―a. Let ]. Lemma 3. Let R be a Noetherian domain and a an anti-integral element of degree t over R. Let u be a

Abstract: A lighting unit includes a switch device for performing electrical ON-OFF by depressing a pushbutton, and an EL device having light-emitting sections corresponding to the pushbuttons disposed at least one of above or under the switch device. The EL device includes an optically transparent electrode layer, a light-emitting layer and a backplate layer, where the respective layers are selectively laminated, corresponding to the light-emitting sections, on an insulating base. This structure of the lighting unit realizes visible lighting and allows the lighting unit to be assembled with less components and less steps of mounting components.

Abstract: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and NutritionVolume 34, Issue 5 p. 561-563 Case Reports Transhepatic Hickman Line Placement: Improving Line Stability by Surgically Assisted Radiologic Placement K. Sharif, K. Sharif Pediatric Liver Unit, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJ. de Ville de Goyet, Corresponding Author J. de Ville de Goyet [email protected] Pediatric Liver Unit, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomAddress correspondence and reprint requests to J. de Ville de Goyet, Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steel House Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorS. V. Beath, S. V. Beath Pediatric Liver Unit, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorS. Protheroe, S. Protheroe department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorP. John, P. John Department of Radiology at the Birmingham, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author K. Sharif, K. Sharif Pediatric Liver Unit, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJ. de Ville de Goyet, Corresponding Author J. de Ville de Goyet [email protected] Pediatric Liver Unit, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomAddress correspondence and reprint requests to J. de Ville de Goyet, Liver Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steel House Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorS. V. Beath, S. V. Beath Pediatric Liver Unit, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorS. Protheroe, S. Protheroe department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorP. John, P. John Department of Radiology at the Birmingham, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 2002 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2002.tb07688.xCitations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES 1Ross P, Ehrenkranz R, Kleinman CS, et al. Thrombus associated with central venous catheters in infants and children. J Pediatr Surg 1989; 24: 253–6. 10.1016/S0022-3468(89)80006-5 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2Silverman SH, Stringel G. Two techniques for central catheter placement in the hypogastric and azygos veins. Pediatr Surg Int 1988; 3: 63–8. 10.1007/BF00177083 Web of Science®Google Scholar 3Oram-Smith JC, Mullen JL, Harken AH, et al. Direct right atrial catheterization for total parenteral nutrition. Surgery 1978; 83: 274–6. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4Cheung CH, Kong CK, Ng JW. Maintaining long term central venous access by repetitive hepatic vein cannulation. J Pediatr Surg 1995; 10: 1533. 10.1016/0022-3468(95)90437-9 Google Scholar 5Robertson LJ, Jaques PF, Mauro MA, et al. Percutaneous inferior vena cava placement of tunnelled silastic catheter for prolonged vascular access in infants. J Pediatr Surg 1990; 25: 596–8. 10.1016/0022-3468(90)90341-6 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6Azizkhan RG, Taylor LA, Jaques PF, et al. Percutaneous translumbar and transhepatic inferior vena cava catheter for prolonged vascular access in children. J Pediatr Surg 1992; 27:2: 165–9. 10.1016/0022-3468(92)90305-Q CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7De Csepel J, Stanley P, Padua EM, et al. Maintaining long-term central venous access by repetitive hepatic vein cannulation. J Pediatr Surg 1994; 29: 56–7. 10.1016/0022-3468(94)90523-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 8Sommer RJ, Golinko RJ, Mitty HA. Initial experience with percutaneous transhepatic cardiac catheterization in infants and children. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 1289–91. 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80786-3 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9Bergey EA, Kaye RD, Reyes J, et al. Transhepatic insertion of vascular dialysis catheter in children: a safe, life prolonging procedure. Pediatr Radiol 1999; 29:1: 42–5. 10.1007/s002470050531 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 10Crummy AB, Carlson P, McDermott JS, et al. Percutaneous transhepatic placement of Hickman catheter. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 153: 1317–8. 10.2214/ajr.153.6.1317-b CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume34, Issue5May 2002Pages 561-563 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Abstract: PURPOSE: A translating device and method having an input error displaying function is provided to enable a user to correct an error in advance before the total translated sentences are inputted in a machine language translating system CONSTITUTION: An input unit(10) constituted by at least one word made by the first language is provided for inputting a sentence A display unit displays a sentence inputted through the input unit(10) in order for a user to watch the sentence A word dictionary database(20) stores information with respect to words according to translation process units A word searching unit(30) searches words constituted by the first language being inputted in the input unit(10) in the word dictionary database(20) A part-of-speech estimating unit(40) estimates a part-of-speech of a word being inputted in the input unit(10) based on the word dictionary database(20) A processing unit(50) displays a result searched in the word searching unit(30) and a result estimated in the part-of-speech estimating unit(40) in the corresponding word displayed on the display unit A translating unit(60) translates a sentence made by the first language and inputted through the input unit(10) into a sentence made by the second language based on the word dictionary database(20)

Abstract: A ring is partially one-sided unit-regular provided that, for each regular , there is a right or left invertible element such that . It is shown that is partially one-sided unit-regular if and only if every regular element in is the product of an idempotent and a right or left invertible element. Morita contexts over partially one-sided unit-regular exchange rings are also studied.

Abstract: It is known that a regular ring has stable range one if and only if it is unit regular. The purpose of this note is to give an independent and more elementary proof of this result.