Topic
Underline
About: Underline is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1 citations. The topic is also known as: underlining.
Papers
20 Aug 2013
TL;DR: This paper presents two different algorithms for underline removal that address the case of monochromatic document images and the second algorithm is applied to remove the underline noise in recent and aged documents written on a blank sheet of white paper.
Abstract: Text “underlining” is a practice of many interested readers, but it may be seen as a noise inserted by the user that damages the physical integrity of a document. This paper presents two different algorithms for underline removal. The first one addresses the case of monochromatic document images. The second algorithm is applied to remove the underline noise in recent and aged documents written on a blank sheet of white paper. Underline information is also used to automatically generate summaries of documents.
1 citations
1 Oct 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe recent developments in the design and construction of railway underline bridges on the London midland region of British railways and how these changes have affected the role of civil engineers and how they will influence their work in the future.
Abstract: The paper describes recent developments in the design and construction of railway underline bridges on the London midland region of British railways. Four main influences on design and the changes they have caused are identified: the introduction of the bridge code BS5400, the development of new materials and techniques, the requirements of the health and safety at work act, and the fundamental change in management of British rail to a more commercial organization. Examples of medium-span railway bridges of concrete and steel design are discussed, with reference to how these influences have affected their design and construction. A description is given of some recent developments in the construction of bridges which, because of their size and accessibility, have either been built by the side of the railway track and slid into place or have been built in line with the existing track during a temporary track diversion. Conclusions are drawn on how these changes have affected the role of civil engineers and how they will influence their work in the future.(a)
1 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2013 | 1 |
| 1988 | 1 |