Abstract: The invention describes a universal structural element ( 1 ) for the purpose of forming in particular, three-dimensional structures, which structural element can be manufactured in a convenient manner efficiently, cost-effectively from the most varied materials and can be recycled in an environmentally-friendly manner, can be used and applied universally, enables a monolithic type of construction using similar connectors ( 5 ) for connecting similar structural elements together and with other elements at low assembly cost and allows disassembly or reconstruction work to be conducted in a straightforward and non-destructive manner, meets high static requirements and can preferably be standardized in modular dimensions. In accordance with the invention, a universal structural element ( 1 ) in the form of a profile body, having preferably a substantially square cross-section, comprises on all longitudinal sides undercut grooves ( 2 ) that are connected on the end sides ( 3 ) by means of intersecting undercut grooves ( 4 ) with preferably the same cross-section.

Abstract: The performance of the pulsed-current gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process for vertical-up weld deposition of steel has been found to be superior over the use of the short-circuiting arc GMAW process with respect to the tensile, impact, and fatigue properties of the weld joint. The microstructure, weld geometry, and mechanical properties of a pulsed-current weld joint are largely governed by the pulse parameters, and correlate well to the factor φ, defined as a summarized influence of pulse parameters such as peak current, base current, pulse-off time, and pulse frequency. The increase of φ has been found favorable to refine the microstructure and enhance the tensile strength, Cv toughness, and fatigue life of a weld joint. The fatigue life of a short-circuiting arc weld joint has been found to be markedly reduced due to the presence of an undercut at the weld toe and incomplete side-wall fusion of the base material.

Abstract: A method of fabricating MicroElectroMechanical systems. The method includes: providing a substrate in which electrical interconnections and a sacrificial layer have been formed, forming a release mask including germanium, etching exposed sacrificial material, and removing the release mask. The performance of MicroElectroMechanical devices is improved by 1) integrating electronics on the same substrate as the mechanical elements, 2) increasing the proximity of electronics and mechanical elements, 3) increasing the undercut of a release etch to reduce or eliminate etch holes or to allow circuit elements to be undercut, 4) increasing the yield and reliability of the MEMS release processes. In addition to released mechanical structures, the invention also provides a means for forming circuits such as a bandgap reference as a released MEMS element. Forming a bandgap circuit as a released MEMS element may improve reference voltage performance by allowing resistive heating of the circuit region to a constant, elevated temperature independent of the substrate temperature.

Abstract: Overhang and undercut features, as well as cavities, channels, pipes and three-dimensional voids and other structures are fabricated using a laser-aided direct-metal deposition (DMD) processes. In the preferred embodiment, this is accomplished through the selective deposition of a lower melting point sacrificial material. Following the integrated deposition of both sacrificial and non-sacrificial materials using DMD, the part is soaked in a furnace at a temperature sufficiently high to melt out the sacrificial material. As preferred options, the heating is performed in an inert gas environment to minimize oxidation, with a gas spray also being used to blow out remaining deposits. Using this technique, articles having integral sensors and cooling channels may be used as part of an automated system for controlling the temperature, stress and strain during the shaping or forming of a product using the resultant smart die or mold. Such a system would preferably include means of controlling the inlet flow of coolant and means for controlling or terminating the forming or injection process. The control is preferably mediated through a computer which analyzes and evaluates the inputs from the sensors and transmits the resulting information to a flow controller and to a process controller or logic gate, so that appropriate actions are carried out on a continuous basis.

Abstract: To provide a motorcycle frame structure having a head pipe manufactured by forging that enables a significant reduction in forging costs and enables a reduction in welding costs for a front frame and a down tube. A down tube is welded to an upper tongue, a lower surface of a lower flange section and a lower tongue. A weld bead is provided and it is possible to ensure a sufficiently long weld length with regard to the weld bead. Since only the upper and lower tongues are integrally formed with the forged component, there is no need to include an undercut processing in the forging process. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A carrier assembly ( 10 ) for a circuit board includes a copper insert ( 12 ) pressed into an aluminum carrier ( 14 ) The copper insert has an undercut recess ( 36 ) As the insert ( 12 ) is pressed into the carrier ( 14 ), a portion of the carrier material is flowed into the undercut recess ( 36 ) to provide a firm interlocking of the insert ( 12 ) with the carrier ( 14 )

Abstract: Tube-to-plate nodal joints under cyclic bending are widely used in the road transport and agricultural industry. The square hollow sections (SHS) used in these constructions are thin-walled and cold formed, and they have thicknesses of less than 4 mm. Some fatigue failures have been observed. The weld undercut may affect the fatigue life of welded tubular joints especially for thin-walled sections. The undercut dimensions were measured using the silicon imprint technique. Modelling of thin-walled cruciform joints, as a simplification of welded tubular joints, is described in this paper to determine the effect of weld undercut on fatigue propagation life. The Boundary Element Analysis System Software (BEASY) is used. The results of the effect of weld toe undercut from this analysis are compared with results from previous research to determine the comparative reduction in fatigue life between thin-walled joints (T=3 mm) and those made of thicker sections (T=20 mm). The loss in fatigue strength of the thin-walled joints is found to be relatively more than that for thicker walled joints. A 3D model of a tube to plate T-joint is also modelled using the boundary element software, BEASY. The nodal joint consists of a square hollow section, 50×50×3 SHS, fillet welded to a 10-mm thick plate, and subjected to cyclic bending stress. Fatigue analyses are carried out and the results are compared with the only available S–N design curve.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a chamfered silicide layer and a manufacturing method of the same. The semiconductor device includes: a first insulation layer overlying a semiconductor substrate; gate structures including first conductive layer patterns formed on the first insulation layer, and second conductive layer patterns which are formed on the first conductive layer patterns, wherein the lower sides of the second conductive layer patterns are substantially perpendicular to the major surface of the semiconductor substrate and the upper sides of the second conductive layer patterns are chamfered; and a second insulation layer formed with a first width W on the second conductive layer patterns, wherein the sidewalls of the second insulation layer overhang the upper edges of the second conductive layer patterns. In the semiconductor device manufacture, in forming undercut regions which define the chamfered upper edges of the metal silicide layer patterns, isotropic dry etching is carried out, wherein the isotropic dry etching can be performed simultaneously with ashing of photoresist patterns, or immediately after the ashing process in the same chamber. In either case, after the ashing of the photoresist patterns, an isotropic wet etching can be carried out immediately after performing an existing stripping process, so as to form the undercut regions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a resin-Fliessform- or RTM process for the production of fiber composite components (31) with at least one closed or undercut hollow space (35). A two-part mold having a Formwerkzeugkavitat is charged with reinforcing fibers and a dimensionally stable auschmelzbaren support core of wax. The support core is previously prepared by at least one plastic deformation step of a molded preform. In the Formwerkzeugkavitat of the closed mold a flowable plastic matrix is ​​injected to form a fiber composite molding compound and cured to the fiber composite component (31). The dimensionally stable fiber composite component (31) is removed from the mold and subjected to annealing. During annealing, the supporting core is melted out, forming a closed or undercut hollow space (35) from the fiber composite component (31) and a new preform (1) is poured.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact core control method by which a core device is controlled through the feed/discharge of a hydraulic oil via a hydraulic oil feed actuator which is driven by an electrically controlled motor, with the applicability of the method to a molding machine having a servo motor-driven mold clamping mechanism as well as a device for controlling the core. SOLUTION: This core control method for a molding machine is operated with such an arrangement that the device comprises hydraulic oil flow channels a-p for the feed and discharge of the hydraulic oil from an oil tank 51 to a core cylinder 38 through the actuator 48 driven by the electrically controlled motors 50, 64 and a valvular means equipped with a switching valve 47 for selecting between the oil flow channels a-p, direction switching valves 46, 48, 58, 60 and the like. In addition, an operation to feed and discharge/return the hydraulic oil from the oil tank 51 to the core cylinder 38, is controlled following the changeover of the valvular means, and a slide core is made to find its way into and out of a cavity along a parting face between the stationary half and the movable half 3, 4 of a mold. Thus the molding of a finished product with a part which becomes an undercut is realized. Also the device for controlling the core is provided.

Abstract: A chainsaw guide bar has tubes to convey liquid such as lubricants, fungicides, paints, etc. The tubes, made of soft deformable metal, are placed in respective grooves formed in the guide bar and are then deformed. The grooves include an undercut side, whereby a portion of the deformed tube is held in its groove by an interference bit defined by the undercut side and a portion of the deformed tube situated behind the undercut side.

Abstract: A process of simultaneously forming a plurality of metal features on a substrate, in which at least one metal feature has undercut sides and at least one metal feature does not have undercut sides involves the application of a lower photoresist feature having rounded sides and an upper photoresist feature having undercut sides wherein the upper photoresist feature is positioned in offset relation to the lower photoresist feature such that one edge of the upper photoresist feature does not extend over the corresponding edge of the lower photoresist feature and the other edge of the upper photoresist feature does extend beyond the corresponding edge of the lower photoresist feature.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a curved hose made of a resin which can be prepd. by drawing reasonably the hose made of the resin with inferior elasticity to rubbers even when a curved part being an undercut in the length direction exists from a core mold and does not produce deformation and damage on the product. SOLUTION: For a hose with a curved part formed by injection molding of a thermoplastic elastomer into a cavity formed by using a cavity mold forming the outer face of the hose and a core mold forming the inner face of the hose, a divided core mold consisting of the first core mold 12 and the second core mold 13 which are divided into two in the axial direction by making the curved part to be a boundary as a core mold is used to constitute the first demolding part demolded from the first core and successively, the second demolding part demolded from the second core and the undercut is demolded.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mold for injection molding which can mold an inexpensive, stable, good molding efficiently. SOLUTION: The mold 1 in which a slide core 2 enters/exits from the undercut part 10a of a cavity 10 which is formed when a fixed mold 12 and a movable mold 11 are closed has an actuation core 3 which is actuated in the downward direction C and in the upward direction D different from the ejection direction A and the retreat direction B of the slide core 2 to interlock the slide core 2, a cylinder 4 for actuating the actuation core 3, and a locking block 5 for fixing the actuation core 3 with the slide core 2 ejected into the undercut part 10a.

Abstract: A hollow chamber, undercut or channel is produced in a molding by dissolving an insert out of the latter aided by ultrasonic vibration.

Abstract: The electrical characteristics of metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor devices with shallow trench isolation (STI) have been studied to evaluate the active corner shaping and the trench-fill dielectric densification techniques. The suppression of corner parasitic transistor effects was observed in the two different corner shaping schemes used. In the first approach, an undercut of pad oxide below the nitride mask defining the active region facilitated corner oxidation during liner oxide growth. In the second approach, a high temperature post-chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) oxidation created a rounded corner, forming a minibird’s beak under the nitride mask edge. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy shows that, while the post-CMP oxidation “rounds” the corner, the pad oxide undercut produces a concave corner profile. Though both approaches improved the subthreshold characteristics of the transistor, the leakage current of field-edge-intensive diodes became very high for post-CM...

Abstract: A high precision alignment of mask pattern to crystal orientation is essential for fabricating most micro- mechanical devices. With an accurate alignment on a silicon wafer, the time for obtaining a smoothly etched sidewall surface can be reduced and the undercut phenomenon can also be minimized during the anisotropic etching process. In this article, a series of circles are made as an aligning pattern. These circles are evenly distributed at each 0.1 degrees along the same arc of radius 43mm. A wafer is etched in the TMAH solvent for a certain period of time, and the final etched pattern is served as an alignment mark. The present method relies upon the fact that when a (100) silicon wafer is etched for a sufficiently long period of time in an orientation-dependent etchant through a circular window, the etched out portion will form a cavity of pyramidal shape with its surfaces along the (110) directions because the etching process is almost stopped at the (111) planes. However, this pyramidal cavity will continue to grow along the (111) direction when the etching process is continued. This is caused by the undercut phenomenon occurred at the contact line of the passivation layer and the Si substrate. Despite of the circular window used on the passivation layer, the top view of the pyramidal cavity caused by undercut on the Si substrate will be a square opening. Through a visual inspection from the top view, one can find that the corners of some neighboring square openings contact to each other but some are not after a sufficient time of etching. The contact proximity at the corners of two neighboring square openings is taken as an accurate rule for the wafer's alignment. Such a pre-aligning pattern allows one to determine the (100) orientation within accuracy of 0.05 degrees.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multiple electrode submerged arc welding method by which molten metal flowing to the rear part of the molten metal at high speed welding is effectively and efficiently restrained by utilizing electromagnetic action, and thus defect, etc., such as undercut, in a weld bead accompanying the speeding up of welding, is prevented. SOLUTION: In the multiple electrode submerged arc welding method using AC as welding current of at least the rearmost electrode, to non-solidified welded metal part at the rear part of the rearmost electrode, AC magnetic field having the same frequency as the welding current of the above electrode, is impressed from the vertical and the right and left direction with respect to a weld line. Further, at least one among the magnetic flux density in the AC magnetic field, the frequency phase difference between the above AC magnetic field and the welding current of the above electrode and the impressed position of the above AC magnetic field, is adjusted to obtain the excellent weld bead shape.

Abstract: A method for non-destructively determining the amount of undercutting in a hidden layer of material disposed on a substrate after device patterning by etching. The method involves forming at least two lines of etch resistant material of increasing width over the hidden layer of material of the substrate and inspecting the lines after etching for a given time period to determine how many lines have been removed. The width dimension of the largest removed line corresponds approximately to the amount of undercut for two sides in the hidden layer of material after etching for the given time period.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vessel, capable of realizing discrimination against another vessel by the configuration of appearance itself, and a mold suitable for the molding of the vessel. SOLUTION: The vessel having a vessel main body, into which the contents of the vessel is filled, and a mouth section, molded integrally with the vessel main body to fill and discharge the contents, is molded while an undercut is provided on at least one place of the cylindrical part of the vessel main body. COPYRIGHT: (C)2002,JPO

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an HBT and its manufacturing method that can form stable undercut structure, in addition, can provide wider ledge structure to an emitter region that is formed on an unstable surface, and has excellent mass productivity and reliability. SOLUTION: By utilizing the selection etching characteristics of the GaAs and InGaAs of etching solution where hydrogen peroxide water is mixed with alkaline solution, and at the same time the pH of the mixed liquid is equal to 9.5 or more and 11.5 or less, an InGaAs layer is set to an overhang, and the undercut structure is formed in a shape where a GaAs layer is engraved. To this structure, a mask material is buried in the lower part of the overhang, and a region that is not covered with the mask material is etched by solution for etching the GaAs, thus forming the ledge structure. In addition, the undercut structure is utilized for forming emitter and base electrodes in self-alignment manner.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for forming the undercuts of metallic powder injection molded goods by simple stages and the metallic powder injection molded goods having the undercuts formed by such method for forming. SOLUTION: The method for forming the undercuts of the metallic powder injection molded goods has a stage for injection molding a kneaded mixture contg. metallic powder and a binder resin, a stage for forming the undercuts 16 on the injection molded compacts 10 obtained by this injection molding and a stage for sintering the injection molded compacts formed with the undercuts after degreasing. The undercuts are preferably formed by deforming at least part of the injection molded compacts and are more preferably deformed by pressing using pressing members.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mold for injection molding capable of precisely and efficiently molding a resin product having a rugged part in a through hole. SOLUTION: In the mold for molding an undercut resin product P having the rugged part Q in a mold drawing direction in the through hole (p), main slide cores 2 and sub-slide cores 3 are alternately disposed along an outer periphery of a central core 1, and outer rugged surfaces 2c and 3c in response to the rugged part of the hole are respectively provided at both the slide cores. The central cores and the main slide cores are provided at one side mold X of the fixed mold and the movable mold, and the sub-slide core is provided at the other side mold Y. At the mold opening time, the central core is solely retracted, the main slide core is slid to a central side of a first air gap A1 generated by the retracting of the center core to be separable. The sub-slide core is slid at the central side of a second air gap A2 generated by the release of the main slide core from the central core to enable an injection of the resin product. COPYRIGHT: (C)2002,JPO

Abstract: A method of making or reconstituting tooling to be used in the processing of high temperature molten material comprises machining an undercut in the tooling surface which terminates at a shoulder and provides an inset barrier receiving surface; a chemical barrier providing interface coating system to which a ceramic-based material will fuse, is fused over the undercut receiving surface. Then a thermally-insulative ceramic-based coating is fused to the interface system to fill the undercut and merge with the tooling surface.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform a high-speed pipe manufacturing while keeping a sound welding condition by melting a pipe to the pipe inner face with plasma arc at an electrode at the tip to form an inner face bead, and forming a molten pool which does not reach the pipe inner face with low energy arc at the following electrode to perform the shape correction of a surface bead. SOLUTION: When a plasma electrode with a high welding performance is used for a preceding electrode, a problem that an undercut A formed on a preceding bead surface becomes significant can not be avoided. Therefore, a molten pool P with a crown-like cross sectional shape is formed, and a degree of the undercut A becomes significant as the thickness of the pipe gets bigger. Then, a plasma arc is used as a following electrode for melting a bend outer face only, without penetrating to the inner face side, so as to smoothen the outer face bead by correcting the undercut A formed to the preceding bead. Thereby, the following correction welding or grinding become unnecessary. And even in case of a titanium or titanium alloy welding pipe, a pipe can be manufactured at high speed without generating micro cracks.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To injection-mold a molded body which has an undercut part excellent in the quality of outward appearance even when the injection pressure on a material is made high. SOLUTION: Injection molding equipment 10 has a fixed part 12 and a movable part 14. The fixed part 12 is equipped with a fixed half 22 whereon a fixed half molding surface 24 is formed and the movable part 14 is equipped with a fixed plate 18, a support plate 34 and a movable half 52 whereon a movable half molding surface 64 is formed. A first auxiliary force 44 and a second auxiliary force 46 are fitted respectively in a first recess 36 and a second recess 38 formed in the fixed plate 18. The support plate 34 is provided with a first slide force 66 and a second slide force 68, and a first cutting die 108 and a second cutting die 134, which are slidable in relation to the support plate 34. A cavity 160 is demarcated by the fixed half molding surface 24, the movable half molding surface 64, a molding surface 77 of the first slide force and a molding surface 91 of the second slide force.

Abstract: The development of undercut sidewalls along 〈100〉 directions of {001}-silicon by a two-step orientation dependent wet etching process is described. Thereby the first step generates vertical {100}-sidewalls in a pure aqueous potassium hydroxide etchant (KOH). The following second step in an etchant consisting of KOH saturated with isopropanol (KOH:IPA) develops slowly etched {101}-faces with undercutting inclination. A principal calculation is given of the expected sidewall dimensions and a comparison is also done with experimental prepared sidewalls. The differences are small. An application is proposed where sidewalls prepared in this way have a function as bending spring or free standing bridge.

Abstract: A blanked plate-like metal member for use as an element of a belt in a continuously variable transmission has an recess including an undercut therein. A stream of a liquid mixed with particle members is ejected toward an edge to be beveled of the recess thereby to bevel the recess. After the edge is beveled by deburring the edge, the recess is finished by removing a bulge formed on an outer surface of the edge by deburring the edge.