Topic
Uncinula
About: Uncinula is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 78 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1487 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
15 Feb 2000
TL;DR: It is proposed to merge the two genera Podosphaera and Sphaerotheca, which are morphologically only distinguished by having appendages which are branched and simple, respectively, and some changes of the classification of the Erysiphaceae are proposed.
Abstract: Braun, U. & Takamatsu, S. 2000: Phylogeny of Erysiphe, Microsphaera, Uncinula (Erysipheae) and Cystotheca, Podosphaera , Sphaerotheca (Cystotheceae) inferred from rDNA ITS sequences – some taxonomic consequences. Schlechtendalia 4 : 1-33. The very close relationship between the genera Erysiphe s.str. (= Erysiphe sect. Erysiphe ), Microsphaera , and Uncinula , which are connected by numerous intermediate taxa, is strongly supported by light as well as scanning electron microscopical features and has recently been confirmed by examinations of nucleotide sequences of rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS). Erysiphe s.str. and Microsphaera did not group into separate monophyletic lineage, but formed several small mixed clusters. It turned out that the formation of branched ascoma appendages does not have any taxonomic value at generic level. Therefore, Microsphaera is reduced to synonymy with Erysiphe s.str., and the new combinations, which are necessary, are introduced. Uncinula spp. form a basal subclade of the Erysiphe s.str./ Microsphaera ( Pseudoidium ) clade, but since some species of Erysiphe s.str. belong in this subclade, it is necessary to reduce Uncinula to synonymy with the latter genus, too. Erysiphe emend. is formally divided into sections for non-phylogenetical, but morphological groups of species, viz. Erysiphe sect. Erysiphe , E. sect. Microsphaera , and E. sect. Uncinula . Furthermore, examinations of nucleotide sequences of rDNA ITS regions of numerous taxa belonging to tribe Cystotheceae showed that Podosphaera and Sphaerotheca did not form separate monophyletic clades. Taxa of Sphaerotheca sect. Sphaerotheca and sect. Magnicellulatae grouped together with two different sets of Podosphaera spp. in two separate subclades of a single Podosphaera/Sphaerotheca clade. Based on these results and since Podosphaera and Sphaerotheca are morphologically only distinguished by having appendages which are branched and simple, respectively, it is proposed to merge the two genera. New combinations for Sphaerotheca spp. under Podosphaera are introduced. Podosphaera is formally divided into sections and subsections for non-phylogenetical, but morphological groups of species, viz. Podosphaera sec. Podosphaera , P . sect. Sphaerotheca subsect. Sphaerotheca , and subsect. Magnicellulatae . Furthermore, some changes of the classification of the Erysiphaceae are proposed. The following new combinations are introduced: Erysiphaceae tribe Cystotheceae subtribe Sawadaeinae, Erysiphaceae tribe Golovinomyceteae, Erysiphaceae tribe Golovinomyceteae subtribe Arthrocladiellinae and subtribe Neoerysiphinae. Zusammenfassung: Braun, U. & Takamatsu, S. 2000: Phylogeny of Erysiphe, Microsphaera, Uncinula (Erysipheae) and Cystotheca, Podosphaera , and Sphaerotheca (Cystotheceae) inferred from rDNA ITS sequences – some taxonomic consequences. Schlechtendalia 4 : 1-33. Die enge Verwandtschaft zwischen den Gattungen Erysiphe s.str. ( = Erysiphe Sektion Erysiphe ), Microsphaera und Uncinula , die durch zahlreiche morphologisch untermediare Taxa verbunden sind, wird stark durch licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Merkmale unterstutzt und durch neue Untersuchungen der Nukleotidsequenzen der rDNA-ITS-Region bestatigt, da diese Gattungen nicht zu verschiedenen monophyletischen Linien gehoren. Erysiphe s.str. und Microsphaera bilden jedoch verschiedene kleine, gemischte Gruppen. Es hat sich herausgestellt, das die Bildung verzweigter Fruchtkorperanhangsel keinen taxonomischen Wert auf Gattungsebene hat. Deshalb wird vorgeschlagen, Microsphaera als Synonym von Erysiphe zu betrachten. Die notwendigen Neukombinationen werden eingefuhrt. Uncinula -Arten bilden ein “Subclade” an der Basis des “ Erysiphe s.str./ Microsphaera ( Pseudoidium )-Clades”. Da auch einige Erysiphe s.str.-Arten in dieses “Subclade” gehoren, ist es notwendig, diese beiden Gattungen zu vereinigen. Erysiphe Sektion Erysiphe, E. Sektion Microsphaera und E. Sektion. Uncinula . Untersuchungen von Nukleotidsequenzen ribosomaler DNA (ITS) zahlreicher Taxa der Cystotheceae zeigten, das Podosphaera und Sphaerotheca keine getrennten “Clades” bilden. Taxa von Sphaerotheca Sektion Sphaerotheca und Sektion Magnicellulatae bilden zusammen mit zwei verschiedenen Gruppen von Podosphaera -Arten getrennte “Subclades”. Auf Grundlage dieser Befunde und da Podosphaera- und Sphaerotheca -Arten morphologisch nur durch verzweigte und einfache Fruchtkorperanhangsel unterschieden sind, wird vorgeschlagen, beide Gattungen zu vereinigen. Neukombinationen von Sphaerotheca -Arten unter Podosphaera werden eingefuhrt. Podosphaera wird formal in folgende morphologisch, aber nicht phylogenetisch begrundete Sektionen und Subsektionen gegliedert: Podosphaera Sektion Podosphaera , P . Sektion Sphaerotheca Subsektion Sphaerotheca , und Subsektion Magnicellulatae . Weiterhin werden einige Anderungen der Klassifizierung der Erysiphaceae vorgeschlagen. Folgende Kombinationen werden eingefuhrt: Erysiphaceae Tribus Cystotheceae Subtribus Sawadaeinae, Erysiphaceae Tribus Golovinomyceteae, Erysiphaceae Tribus Golovinomyceteae Subtribus Arthrocladiellinae und Subtribus Neoerysiphinae.
280 citations
Book•
1 Jan 1987
189 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Microsphaera-lineage, a monophyletic group including species of sects, supports the previous hypothesis that tree-parasitic powdery mildews are phylogenetically primitive in the Erysiphaceae in general, and host-shift from trees to herbs occurred many times independently during the evolution of powderY mildews.
Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships of the Uncinula lineage, which is the basal group in the genus Erysiphe, were investigated with 167 sequences of nuc ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 and the 28S rDNA regions. Backbone tree analyses with six datasets and two tree-constructing methods revealed that the Uncinula lineage is divided into seven distinct clades. Clades 1-5 each contained a representative powdery mildew species, namely E. australiana in Clade 1, E. liquidambaris in Clade 2, E. adunca in Clade 3, E. fraxinicola in Clade 4 and E. actinidiae in Clade 5. Clade 6 comprises 71 sequences including the Microsphaera lineage and 17 species of the Uncinula lineage, such as E. carpinicola, E. carpinilaxiflorae, E. miyabei, E. glycines and E. necator. Topology tests supported the Microsphaera lineage forming a monophyletic clade in Clade 6, suggesting that Microsphaera-type appendages appeared only once in this clade to diverge into the Microsphaera lineage. Clade 7 consists of 72 sequences containing 30 species, including species of sects. Californiomyces and Typhulochaeta, four species from Nothofagus, species of sect. Erysiphe parasitising herbaceous plants belonging to the Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Saxifragaceae. Molecular clock analysis suggests that the major seven clades appeared 50-30 million years ago (Ma) in the Paleogene Period. The Microsphaera lineage may have split from the Uncinula lineage at the boundary of the Paleogene and Neogene, when appendages with dichotomously branched tips appeared. The clade of the species on Nothofagus split from the northern hemisphere species about 20-10 million years ago (Ma) in the Miocene Epoch, and host-shift from trees to herbs also might have occurred in this period.
126 citations
TL;DR: An isolate of Ampelomyces quisqualis obtained from a Oidium sp.
Abstract: An isolate of Ampelomyces quisqualis obtained from a Oidium sp. infecting Catha edulis in Israel, proved to be infective to several powdery mildew fungi belonging to the genera Oidium, Erysiphe, Sphaerotheca, Podosphaera, Uncinula, and Leveillula. In field trials, A. quisqualis parasitized the powdery mildews of cucumber, carrot and mango and reduced the disease. Hyperparasitism on Oidium mangiferae is reported for the first time. A. quisqualis was tolerant to many fungicides currently used to control powdery mildews and/or other plant diseases. In one experiment, treating powdery mildew of cucumber (cv. Hazera 205) with spores of A. quisqualis alone, significantly decreased disease severity and increased cucumber yields by approximately 50%. However, a greater increase in yield was obtained by using the fungicide pyrazophos alone or in combination with the hyperparasite. In a second experiment, using cv. Dalila, all treatments increased the yield over the untreated control which did not produce fruits.
Zusammenfassung
Ampelomyces quisqualis in der biologischen und integrierten Bekampfung des Echten Mehltaus in Israel
Festgestellt wurde, das ein Ampelomyces quisqualis-Stimm, der aus einer Oidium sp. an Catha edulis in Israel isoliert wurde, einige der Pilze des Echten Mehltaus der Gattungen Oidium, Erysiphe, Sphaerotheca, Podosphaera, Uncinula und Leveillula parasitisieren konnte. In Feldversuchen konnte A. quisqualis Gurken-, Mohren- und Mangomehltau parasitisieren und dadurch den Krankheitsbefall reduzieren. Der Hyperparasitismus an Oidium mangifera wird zum ersten Mal dokumentiert. Es wurde auch festgestellt, das A. quisqualis gegen einige Fungizide, die ihren Einsatz als Mehltaufungizide oder auch gegen andere Krankheiten finden, unempfindlich ist. In einem Versuch wurde ermittelt, das nach der Anwendung von A. quisqualis-Sporen gegen Gurkenmehkau (Sorte Hazera 205) eine deutliche Reduzierung der Befallsintensitat und eine Erhohung des Gurkenertrages um 50% erzielt wurde. Jedoch wurden noch hohere Ertrage erzielt, wenn entweder das Fungizid Pyrazophos alleine oder in Kombination mit dem Hyperparasit angewandt wurde. In einem zweiten Versuch mit der Sorte Dalila wurden bessere Ertrage mit allen Behandlungen erzielt als in der unbehandelten Kontrolle, wo keine Gurken wuchsen.
92 citations
TL;DR: The G143A mutation for resistance was detected in several isolates of both pathogens, which is the first detection of this type of resistance in P. viticola in North America, and the second North American report of QoI resistance in E. necator.
Abstract: Of 20 Plasmopara viticola isolates collected in four locations in Virginia and northwest North Carolina in 2005, 16 were resistant to QoI fungicides. The resistance factor was over 100, and label rates of formulated azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin provided little or no control of these isolates. Additional sampling in 2006 revealed at least 15 additional vineyards with QoI-resistant P. viticola in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Of 22 isolates of Erysiphe (Uncinula) necator collected in 2005 from five Virginia locations, 20 isolates from 4 locations showed resistance to QoI fungicides. The G143A mutation for resistance was detected in several isolates of both pathogens. This is the first detection of this type of resistance in P. viticola in North America, and the second North American report of QoI resistance in E. necator.
62 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 3 |
| 2020 | 3 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2015 | 2 |
| 2014 | 2 |